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LOAD & HAUL


JCB’s first electric excavator was recently launched


iesel has been the fuel of choice for many mining applications for decades, but increasing environmental awareness and cost – both initial and life-cycle – have encouraged suppliers and OEMs to examine alternatives. Engine manufacturer Yanmar is


D


currently gearing up to produce two new liquefied petroleum gas engines, a 2.2 litre 45kW unit to be launched in 2020 and a 3.3 litre 63kW unit for 2021. Both were shown for the first time at bauma. Yanmar’s Carlo Giudici says: “LPG is a good choice of fuel for mining applications because it is so clean, in particular with respect to particulate matter. Tis makes it good for enclosed areas.”


Te brief for the design team was to concentrate its efforts on achieving the ideal stoichiometric combustion ratio. Giudici continues, “We examined the available mixer intake methods and decided we weren’t satisfied, so we designed a new system from scratch. It has improved economy by a tenth and allowed us to use a higher compression ratio to improve performance. In fact, both engines will outperform their equivalent diesel models even though they are EPA Tier 2, CARB Tier 4 and EU Stage V-compliant.” Once the models are established in the


Sandvik currently offers three electric LHDs


marketplace the next step is to offer a bi- fuel option, so they can also run on petrol if that’s the customer preference or if no gas is available.


Caterpillar has also been diversifying


its product offering to include a retrofit alternative gas option for the 785C Mining Truck. Launched in 2018, the dynamic gas blending (DGB) technology allows engines to run on both diesel and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Diesel fuel savings are reported to be as high as 40% (there is a pilot injection of diesel of 15-40% of the charge) with no loss of performance. From a drivetrain perspective, Cat is launching two new mining trucks, the 798 AC, with a 372 tonne payload and the 796 AC with a 326 tonne payload. Both feature electric drives coupled to conventional diesel engines. Te latter is touted as a replacement for the 795 AC in regions where engine emissions are highly regulated. Te AC drive is a high voltage system (2,600V) and drivetrain software adjustments can tune the whole thing to a particular mine’s needs. Te engine is the C175-16 in 2,610kW (3,500 hp) or 2,312kW (3,100 hp) tune, and all the associated components (engine, traction alternator, motors, inverter, grid and final drives) have been designed to be removed independently to ease maintenance.


GOING UNDERGROUND Te company’s Underground Mining Group is currently testing a R1300G proof-of-concept battery electric LHD in a mine in Canada. Before the electrics were installed, a full performance examination was


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