being 146.6 m, (280 royal cubits) high, ” says Bryn, “would need a finely tuned, highly ac- curate, but simple, system to enable [its builders] to reach the apex point.” As Bryn explains in his paper, “Most theo- ries on the construction of the Great Pyramid deal with the logistics of moving roughly seven million tons of stone and the physical erection of the monument.” The natural starting point for the pyramid’s architect, however, argues Bryn, would be development of a system which would make it possible to
communicate the required design and accu- racy to presumably illiterate workers.
Building Grid
Building grids are crucial and indispens- able tools in any modern project. They “pro- vide points of measurement that are not part of the built structure,” Bryn explains, “thereby introducing the tolerance needed to achieve the requisite precision.” Today the use of building grids and tolerance is taken for granted when erecting large buildings, yet the separation of the measuring system from the building’s constit- uent parts is not rec- ognized as an inven- tion in its own right. Five factors are es- sential for producing a practical building
grid: • The grid must provide enough points of
measure to be practical.
• The numbers in the grid should be divisible, sim- ilar, and whole.
Bryn’s building grid for the Great Pyramid
• The grid should provide a prac- tical way of
labeling geographical positions in the building under construction.
• A true building grid must have a physical structure rising with it; i.e., a core.
• The grid for a true pyramid must be three- dimensional in order for the apex point to be reached.
A functional building grid would have to be developed from the units of measurement that the Egyptians used; we know about a large number of units in their architectural designs in the third (2727 – 2655 BC) and fourth (2655 – 2484 BC) dynasties. Bryn has used the basic set of units used in religious and royal structures of Egypt’s first dynasty: The Royal cubit (Rc).
The Royal Cubit
In 1864 Astronomer Royal of Scotland Charles Piazzi Smyth (1819-1900) went to Giza and made accurate measurements on the Great Pyramid. He then published the first work on the units of measurements used on the structure. His theory attempted to link “the pyramid inch” to the British inch. He was inspired by, and collaborated with, John Taylor to block the introduction of the metric system in Britain.
The ideas of Smyth and Taylor were ulti- mately discarded because, it was argued, Pi- azzi Smyth did not take into consideration the well-known historical evidence that the ancient Egyptians used the royal cubit, and
Continued on Page 62
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