used to ensure sealing of the seats; a wrench is not achieve proper powder supply. Powder supply depends
required for tightening.) The double O-ring seats must upon base metal temperature. The powder may be
be properly seated for the torch to perform satisfactorily. applied and fused simultaneously or it may be sprayed
The O-rings or seats should be replaced if they are to the work surface and then fused (wetted-out).
damaged through wear or misuse. Next, thread on the
Whether you spray and fuse simultaneously or fuse after
tip assembly and tighten it wrenchtight. The tip should spraying, do not travel forward with the torch, leaving
point downward for normal flat work. Remove the unfused powder behind.
closure from the bellows module, invert the torch, and
insert the module into the connective junction at the top
Once sufficient base metal temperature is reached,
of the valve assembly. To do this, you will need to align
you should usually make the balance of the deposit with
the lugs on the module with the openings in the junction.
the torch lever in the fully depressed position. However,
Next, seat the module by turning it 90° clockwise; take
you may experiment with the position of the lever to
care that the connective junction on the torch is clean
ensure continuous operation. If necessary, you can
and free of all foreign matter.
adjust either the needle valves or the regulators to get
better operating conditions. When making powdered
CAUTION: Do not turn the module beyond 90°, metal deposits, a slight weaving motion is generally
as improper seating may occur. Connect the torch body your best technique. The exact area and shape of the
to oxyacetylene hoses which have standard 1/4-inch surface where the deposit is being made will determine
fittings. the extent of the weaving motion. To ensure proper
The gas pressures used with the powdered metal
fusion at the end of the beads, shut off the powder supply
torch will vary according to the size of tip being used.
by releasing the lever, and fill the final crater by using
When using the larger tips, set the oxygen regulator
previously deposited powder.
pressure from 25 to 30 psi and the acetylene regulator The actual distance between the torch tip and the
pressure from 4 to 5 psi. When using the small tip, set work surface will vary depending upon the type of work
the oxygen regulator pressure from 15 to 18 psi and the and the operator of the torch. Usually, this distance will
acetylene regulator pressure from 2 to 3 psi. When all vary from one-fourth to three-fourths inch. In some
connections have been properly made and the joining applications, it may be best to hold the gap more
appropriate gas pressures set, the powdered metal torch than three-fourths inch, depending upon joint design
is ready for operation. and base metal thickness.
When you apply powdered metal to flat surfaces,
OPERATING PROCEDURES
hold the tip vertical to the work, and keep the bellows
module as near perpendicular as possible. You can
The powdered metal torch is lit in the same manner
rotate the tip assembly a full 360° to help you apply
as an oxyacetylene torch. Open the acetylene valve and
ignite the gas. Then, open the oxygen valve and adjust
powder in the vertical, horizontal, and overhead
positions, and the module will still be maintained in a
the flame to suit the work. A neutral flame is generally
near perpendicular position. The thickness of the
best. In the event that you experience difficulty in
deposits will depend on any or all of these five factors:
maintaining the flame, adjust both the needle valves and
the regulators until the right combination is reached.
Size of tip
The smaller tip should be used for small flames.
(Cutting back the gases will choke the flame and cause
Quantity of powder fed into the flame
the tip to overheat.) Speed of torch over work (slower speeds are used
After adjusting the flame for the alloy being used,
for greater buildups)
preheat the base metal, keeping the torch in constant
Temperature of base metal
motion. The method and amount of preheat are
determined by the type of work. When color begins to
Rate of (continuous or intermittent) power fed
show in the base metal, concentrate the flame at the
into the flame
starting area until a dull red color (for steels) is reached.
At this point, slowly depress the lever and observe the
POWDERED METAL APPLICATION
passage of powder through the flame.
The torch is best operated with the lever fully
When you apply powdered metals, preparation of
depressed, but you should experiment with the lever to the base metal is very important. The surface to be
9-20
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