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s we fl ip the page of the calendar to November, our focus might be more on the upcoming holidays than on our plants. But take a look around. Isn’t this a beautiful time of year? With the on- set of shorter days and cooler conditions, and possibly because of the severe sum- mer, we have already started to see quite a bit of change happening to landscape plants—and that change is special. The process of plants going dormant has begun, and what we notice most is the brightly colored leaves. Interestingly, each plant species has its own distinctive color- ation. The Western Soapberry is typically bright yellow, the White Ash is purple and the Dogwood is usually red. The basic cause of fall color in deciduous trees and shrubs can be traced to the leaves gradually losing their green color as the chlorophyll is with- drawn from the leaves. Once the green is gone, the yellow, gold, red and purple pig- ments left behind will color up the leaves, and for each deciduous tree or shrub we fi nd a set color or combination of colors which reoccur each year. An experienced gardener can drive through town in the fall and identify plants from a distance by just their shape and color, since plants reliably repeat foliage color every year—just like a plant would repeat its fl ower color in the spring. Sure, there are always exceptions to the rule, but when they don’t come back with the same color it normally is due in some part to a rough summer or the health of the tree. Most landscape designers feel that the use of landscape plants for fall color is as much an art as is the use of plants for their bloom color, or their size and shape. Even though we are usually a couple of weeks behind northern landscapes with our fall color, it’s entirely possible that you have been seeing a number of plants changing quicker this year. This is largely due to the hot and dry summer. Dry conditions will cause a premature leaf drop on many decidu- ous trees. But, as a general rule, whether the summer was a bad one or not, the best time to enjoy fall color in our state is the fi rst two weeks of November.
Once the leaves begin to turn we are treat- ed with surprise after surprise as we drive around town and across our state. All decid- uous plants go through this change before the leaves eventually drop to the ground. It’s probably the greatest show of color we wit- ness during the entire year, rivaling the im-
10 OKLAHOMA LIVING pressive bloom time of spring.
Unfortunately all good things must come to an end, and before the end of the month arrives, all the leaves of our deciduous trees and shrubs will be gone, revealing the bark and branches of the trees and shrubs that held them.
The landscape could be a dull and lifeless place in the winter were it not for evergreen plants integrated in to provide year-round interest and color. The number and types of evergreens that we have planted will deter- mine what the view will be after the autumn leaves fall.
So how should gardeners populate the landscape with evergreen trees and shrubs for a balanced and beautiful view? The answer to that will be different from one landscape ar- chitect to another since each designer has his or her own preferences. The majority would suggest that no more than 30 percent of the landscape plan have evergreens and the rest be deciduous trees, shrubs and fl owers. The year-round color from broadleaf evergreens like boxwood, holly, euonymus and nandina, in combination with narrowleaf evergreens like pines, junipers, Japanese yews and ar- borvitae, provide wonderful backgrounds for the spring and summer fl owering shrubs and the fall colors that come this time of year. Using evergreens for foundation plantings, background plantings, hedges, screens or as major specimens will give your landscape fullness and interest during the coming win- ter months. They also provide wonderful habitat and protection for birds and other wildlife in the garden.
I am a great admirer of evergreens for their strength and beauty. Carefully selected they can provide all the functions just mentioned in the landscape year round; grandeur and elegance can be achieved with the use of large specimens like the southern magnolia, ley- land cypress or deodar cedar. As you peer out your back window or walk up to the front door this month, envision a few evergreens strategically placed to provide a backdrop for the colorful plants now going dormant. Con- sider using low-growing boxwood or yaupon holly across the front of the house, higher- growing hollies for the backyard fence and a few upright junipers or deodar cedars for the corners or island beds in the yard. Evergreens will greatly enhance your winter view and summer pleasure. A list of some of my favor- ites will help you make your selections. Ask your local nursery for location suggestions.
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