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hourly and rated in a way that is easy to understand, such as a 0-to-10 numeric scale with an ongoing goal of a level less than 3. Pain relief may be delivered in various ways following surgery.


This course is 1 Contact Hour 1. Read the Continuing Education article.


2. Go online to Nurse.com/CE to take the test for $12. If you are an Unlimited CE subscriber, you can take this test at no additional charge. You can sign up for an Unlimited CE membership at Nurse.com/UnlimitedCE for $49.95 per year.


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Courses must be completed by February 15, 2018


3. If the course you have chosen to take includes a clinical vignette, you will be asked to review the vignette and answer 3 or 4 questions. You must answer all questions correctly to proceed. If you answer a question incorrect- ly, we will provide a clue to the correct answer.


4. Once you successfully complete the short test associ- ated with the clinical vignette (if there is one), proceed to the course posttest. To earn contact hours, you must achieve a score of 75%. You may retake the test as many times as necessary to pass the test.


5. All users must complete the evaluation process to complete the course. You will be able to view a certifi- cate on screen and print or save it for your records.


ACCREDITED OnCourse Learning is accredited as a provider


of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation.


Accredited status does not imply endorsement by the provider or ANCC of any commercial products displayed in conjunction with this activity.


OnCourse Learning is also accredited by the Florida Board of Nursing and Georgia Board of Nursing (provider # FBN


50-1489). OnCourse Learning is approved by the California Board of Registered Nursing, provider # CEP16588.


ONLINE Nurse.com/CE


You can take this test online or select from the list of courses available.


Prices subject to change. QUESTIONS


Or for a complete listing of our courses Phone 800-866-0919 Email ce@nurse.com


22 MARCH/APRIL 2016 • NORTHEAST


Pain medication can be provided intrathecally before the surgery, as a patient-controlled analgesia in oral form or the use of multiple delivery methods depending how far out from surgery the patient may be. The most common form of initial pain relief is a one-time injection given intrathecally. Both morphine and hydromorphone provide excellent coverage for patients and can last up to 24 hours following placement, which decreases the need for additional IV opioids. Common adverse effects for both include nausea or vomit- ing and pruritus immediately after administration.21


An advantage


of intrathecal morphine is that it does not pass into the breast milk, allowing for safe administration in the breastfeeding patient. For patients receiving additional narcotics, education should


be provided that supports bonding and interaction with the newborn while decreasing the risk for falls. Once a patient is able to ambulate, urinary catheters should be discontinued, and patients should be encouraged to walk throughout the day. Patients should be instructed to shower 24 hours following surgery, to wash the incision with soap and water, and to dry gently. If patients are at higher risk for infection due to obesity, extra attention should be given to wound care, such as allowing the incision to air dry and placing an absorbent dressing over the incision. Before discharge, patients should be taught signs and symptoms


of infection so they can continue monitoring the incision following discharge. Early recognition of possible infection can decrease the risk of sepsis and help prevent severe complications. Patients should be given expected times to return to their provider’s office for follow-up appointments as well as contact information.


The family-centered gentle cesarean A new method of supporting family-centered care has been dubbed “the gentle cesarean.” The gentle cesarean applies the same sup- portive concepts that happen in the labor and birth room to the OR. This form of care allows the patient and her family to see the birth of their baby through a clear plastic curtain versus the more common blue shield that many ORs use. When the baby is close to being born, the anesthesia provider will slightly lift the head of the bed. The blue drape will be dropped to ensure that the patient will be able to see the birth. At minimum, one hand will be left free so the patient may hold her newborn. The newborn will be placed on the mother’s chest immediately following birth. At that time, the blue drape is repositioned until the surgery is complete. The newborn is dried quickly, assessed by an appropriate staff member, and placed skin-to-skin on the mother’s chest with a warm blanket covering both of them. Breastfeeding can be initiated at this time.22 For many women, not being able to see their baby being born


is one of the hardest things about not having a vaginal birth. Incorporating the gentle cesarean philosophy supports the family without compromising the sterile field or putting the patient and her family at risk. While the concept is easy to explain, changing the culture in the OR to support this will need many champions.


Caring for the family Caring for the family after a cesarean section goes far beyond the surgical interventions to prevent infection. Many strides have


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