Volcano Inside a crater


Magma rises through vents toward the crater. Once magma erupts from the crater, it fl ows over the ground as lava.


vent


lava flows


Active Volcano As magma rises, it heats water under the ground. T e water evaporates and steam swirls out of holes near the volcano called fumaroles. Gases that are dissolved in the magma come out of fumaroles, too. When a volcano erupts, magma, gas, rock, and ash shoot upward. Once the magma bursts through Earth’s crust, it’s called lava. Lava can flow great distances before cooling and hardening into solid rock. Kawah Ijen’s last major eruption was almost


200 years ago. But that doesn’t mean the volcano is quiet. “T is is an active volcano,” Pallister reminds you. “T at means it could erupt at any time.” It takes you and Pallister more than two


hours to get to the top of Kawah Ijen. You’re both hot, sweaty, and tired. You pause at the rim of the crater and look down. T e land has changed dramatically. Just


a little while ago, you were walking through a lush, green forest. Now, you face a treeless landscape, full of gray, jagged rock.


OCTOBER 2015 13 magma rises


Kawah Ijen is home to the largest acid lake in the world.


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