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FEATURE STANDARDS


fibre services that carry premium TV and video content are candidates for better service availability, Nesset points out. One mechanism to improve service availability is to automate fault diagnostics, for example through monitoring with embedded optical time- domain reflectometers (OTDR). Such schemes are possible, but the underlying technology needs further development and cost reduction before it can be deployed more widely.


Blazing new trails Backwards compatibility has been an important element of PON development. ‘Tere are certain rules, even in the distant future, one of the main ones being that service providers can use their existing fibre in the ground – the optical distribution network as it is now in terms of power budget, splitting ratio and so on. I wouldn’t expect that to change,’ said Dawes. All the standards developed to date, including GPON, XGS-PON, and NG-PON2, must work on a power splitter- based optical distribution network (ODN). Power splitters are passive devices that broadcast the signal to all end points. Tis


Next-generation PONs will be expected to carry high-value services such as business and mobile traffic


architecture is very fibre efficient: a single feeder fibre is used to connect a central office to the local service area where a power splitter shares out the signal. Tere is acknowledgement, however, that


beyond a certain date a more radical approach may be needed. ‘We are running out of technical levers that enable higher PON capacity, while needing to support ODN losses up to 35dB, and lower loss ODN types could be attractive,’ Nesset commented. Tus, there is a parallel path on the roadmap that the group calls ‘alternative ODNs’. Under consideration is whether it would make sense, for certain


applications, to replace the power-splitter- based architecture with a wavelength-selective ODN. Wavelength splitters can be used with the same basic tree and branch network topology. But unlike power splitters, wavelength-selective devices route individual wavelengths to specific destinations. Tis liſts the power budget constraints, but would require more expensive optical components. Other major industry trends that will


certainly impact the roadmap – in ways that are not yet clear – include soſtware-defined networking (SDN), network functions virtualisation (NFV), and the Internet of Tings (IoT). When it comes to the IoT, for instance, there may be aspects of network management that need to be considered when collecting data from a high number of low-bandwidth end points. Rapid service activation by open source soſtware running on commodity hardware are promising candidates to save money – both capex and opex – though it remains to be seen whether, and when, the expected benefits will materialise.l


The PON Standards Roadmap 2.0 is available from the FSAN website, www.fsan.org


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The unique design, combines fast and safe installation and longterm reliable fiber optic connections for indoor- or even outdoor-installations in harsh environments. The new, modular R&M sealing concept allows a fast and flexible integration of cables and micro ducts from 4 sides under compliance of protection class IP65.


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