Surface modification | additives


is highly dependent on the application requirements,” according to Thomas Collet, global product manager at Lehmann&Voss&Co. For example, aramid fibres, although more expensive than carbon or glass fibres, provide high wear resistance and reinforcement and are softer than carbon or glass, so they are better for contact with soft metals such as aluminum. Various tribological tests (including the pin on disk, pin on roll and thrust washer test) can be used to evaluate formulations. Customer-specific testing that simulates an application’s temperatures and speeds, for example, is also crucial.


Measuring friction Recent research at RTP Company yields new insight into friction behavior, which is important for choosing materials for contact parts. Although initial studies were designed for single-use medical device applications, the concept can be applied to any other friction applications, says Josh Blackmore, global healthcare manager at the company, and tribological engineer Ben Gerjets. Common friction-related problems include high “start up” force (which makes it difficult to initiate


Friction can present particular challenges in syringe


production, contributing to high injection force requirements and


preventing smooth operation


movement of a plunger through a barrel, for instance) and “stick-slip” or “stiction,” where a material will start to slide but will “stick” rather than a consequence of stick-slip occurring at a fast rate. External lubricants may solve these problems, but manufacturers (espe- cially in the medical sector) prefer to avoid wipe or spray-on lubricants for many reasons, not the least for


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