A Quick Guide: Risk Factors for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)


Lipid metabolism and insulin resistance


• Metabolic syndrome • Type 2 diabetes • Mauriac syndrome • Weber-Christian syndrome • Sleep apnoea syndrome


Genetic factors • Gender • Latin and black Americans • PNPLA3 • Abetalipoproteinaemia • Werner syndrome


Intestinal factors • Small bowel resection • Jejunal bypass • Biliopancreatic diversion • Bacterial overgrowth • Dysbiosis • Mitochondrial induced inflammasome activation


Nutrition • Alcohol consumption • High calorie diet • Vitamin C and E deficiency • Tocotrienol deficiency • Acute starvation


Pharmacotherapy • Total parenteral nutrition • i.v. glucose • Amiodarone • Nifedipine • Tamoxifen • Glucocorticoids • Synthetic estrogens


Hormones • Menopause • PCOS • Hypogonadism • Hypothyroidism • Growth hormone deficiency


Intoxicants • Organic solvents • Volatile optrochemicals • Dimethylformamide


Infections • Hepatitis C


Focus April 2013 15


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