it, students would be unable to keep track of more than about ten patterns of each type. Assigning a unique “name” for each pattern through solfege serves much the same purpose in music as naming objects and concepts in language. We think with words, and the more words we have in our language vocabulary the better is the qual- ity of our thinking. So, too, in audiation, and verbal association facilitates the devel- opment of a large vocabulary of tonal and rhythm patterns. Two types
of verbal association are
used. The main type is the rhythm and tonal solfege syllables assigned to individual pitches or durations in tonal and rhythm patterns (for example, the tonal syllables do-mi-so for the notes C-E-G in C ma- jor). The other type, Verbal Association/ Proper Names, refers to the names given tonalities, meters, and functions. Students learn to identify various tonalities (major, minor, dorian, mixolydian, and so on); tonal functions (tonic, dominant, subdomi- nant, and so on); meters (duple, triple, un- usual, and so on); and rhythm functions
(macrobeats, microbeats, divisions, and so on). Note that music theory is NOT taught at this level of skill learning sequence. Stu- dents are taught the names and makeup of musical concepts (for example, that tonic patterns in major are comprised of some ar- rangement of do-mi-so), but not the “why” behind those concepts (for example, that a tonic chord in major includes a major third and a perfect fifth). Partial Synthesis. At the aural/oral
and verbal association levels, students learn tonal and rhythm patterns individually. Al- though the teacher always establishes tonal or rhythm context, syntactical relationships among patterns are not emphasized. At par- tial synthesis, students learn to give syntax to a series of tonal or rhythm patterns. The teacher performs a series of familiar tonal or rhythm patterns without solfege and without first establishing tonality, and students are able to identify the tonality or meter of the series. The purpose is to assist them in rec- ognizing for themselves familiar tonalities and meters. As a result of acquiring partial synthesis skill, a student is able to listen to
music in a sophisticated, musically intelli- gent manner. Symbolic Association. At this level, students learn to read and write music no- tation by associating the sound and solfege of the patterns they learned at the aural/ oral and verbal association levels with the notation for those patterns. The process is one of recognition, not decoding. As the teacher points to a pattern, the students are simply told “What you are audiating looks like that.” Students are not taught the letter names and time values of individual notes, nor the definitions of key signature and oth- er symbols. These are taught at the theoreti- cal understanding level of inference learn- ing. When symbolic association is properly taught, students are able to bring meaning to the notation, rather than trying to take meaning from the notation. The notes on the page “sing” to them. Singers perform in- dependently from notation, without having to hear their parts played for them at the piano, and instrumentalists don’t need their instruments to “tell them how the notes go.”
John J. Cali School of Music at Montclair State University – College of the Arts
Welcome!
The Cali School is proud to welcome internationally acclaimed artists Denyce Graves and Walter Hautzig to our faculty. They join our superb faculty in guiding
students to professional success through a curriculum that blends a liberal arts education with the intense musical instruction of a conservatory.
Degrees: Bachelor of Music s Bachelor of Arts Photo: Devon Cass
Denyce Graves mezzo-soprano
Master of Arts s Artist Diploma s Performance Certificate Programs: Music Education, Performance, Music Therapy Jazz, Theory/Composition, Brass, Guitar, Harpsichord Organ, Percussion, Piano, Strings, Woodwinds, Voice
montclair.edu/music musauditions@montclair.edu
For information contact 973-655-7610 or
musauditions@mail.montclair.edu Cali School of Music 1 Normal Avenue Montclair New Jersey 07043 973-655-7212 TEMPO 42 MARCH 2013
Walter Hautzig pianist
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