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will incorporate Tuning methodology. The Thematic Network is known as HENRE. (Higher Education Network for Radiography in Europe)19


. With this action, the stage appears to have


been set for educational reform for the field of radiography in Europe. The combination of these forces (Bologna, Lumina, and Tuning) might well impact radiologic science education.


IMPLICATIONS FOR RADIOLOGIC SCIENCES The implications of this work for changes to the future of radiologic sciences education are numerous for both the United States and the United Kingdom. The time is right to shift the educational paradigm from teaching to learning. Such a shift, along with a sharper focus on defining what future radiologic science students and professionals should know, understand, and be able to demonstrate, is imperative. The process of defining student learning outcomes involves the creation of a common standard to identify the competencies for our variety of degree levels and modalities. These standards, in conjunction with the development of a standard international nomenclature, will enhance international mobility of students, educators and radiologic science professionals.


In the United Kingdom, roles for assistants, and all three levels of both therapeutic and diagnostic radiographers have expanded considerably over the last decade, yet tensions and inconsistencies between boundaries still exist6,20


of roles for radiographers has been stifled, in part due to the levels of education. While the newly created position of the radiographic assistant holds promise in the US, this expanded role has also met with tensions and inconsistencies across US state lines.


The future direction of the radiologic sciences profession in both the United Kingdom and United States should include a combining of forces and utilise the synergy of professional and educational talents. Such an effort would entail a close examination of educational and professional standards. Among other things, this might include an overhaul of the ‘Standards of Proficiency for Radiographers’ and ‘Standards of Education and Training in the UK21,22


Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 2008; 13(2): Available from: www.nursingworld. org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketlace/ ANAPeriodicals/OJIN Last accessed 1 February 2011.


3. UNESCO Institute for Statistics: Global Education Digest 2010: Comparing Education Statistics Across the World. Montreal: UNESCO.


4. The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists. Available from: https://www. arrt.org/ Last accessed 14 February 2011.


5. The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists. 2015: Associate degree requirement for primary pathway to ARRT certification. Available from: https://www.arrt.org/new/2009-09-17- ARRTSetsDegreeRequire.html 2009. Last accessed 14 February 2011.


6. Hardy M. Radiography: looking to the next decade. Imaging and Oncology. 2010 (1) 28-33.


. Meanwhile, in the US, the expansion


7. Ward M. President’s Message. ISRRT (International Society of Radiographers and Radiological Tehnologists). 2010; 46(2): 3-4.


8. Adelman C. The Bologna Club: What U.S. higher education can learn from a decade of European reconstruction. 2008. Washington, DC: Institute for Higher Education Policy. Available from: www.ihep. org/Research/GlobalPerformance.cfm Last accessed 14 February 2011.


, while


the US might overhaul accreditation and credentialing standards. The time is now upon us to think innovatively and do what is best for quality patient care within the radiologic sciences.


Dr Sarah S Baker is associate professor in radiologic sciences at the Indiana University School of Medicine, as well as associate dean in academic affairs at University College, Indianapolis, USA. She is also the regional co-ordinator of public relations for the Americas for the International Society of Radiographers and Radiological Technologists (representing the ASRT), a past president of ASRT, and a past board member of the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology.


REFERENCES 1. Kwiek, M. Globalization and higher education. Higher Education in Europe.


2001; 26(1): 27-38.


2. Baumann A, Blythe J. Globalization of higher education in nursing. OJIN: The


9. Gaston PL. The challenge of bologna: What United States higher education has to learn from Europe, and why it matters that we learn it. 1st ed. Virginia: Stylus; 2010.


10. TEU. Treaty on European Union. 1992. Available from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ en/treaties/dat/11992M/htm/11992M. html Last accessed 14 February 2011.


11. Bologna. Joint declaration of the European ministers of education. 1999. Available from: http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/ hogeronderwijs/Bologna/ Last accessed 14 February 2011.


12. Labi A. Bologna conference highlights progress and limits of Europe’s new degree cycles. The Chronicle of Higher Education: International; 2007 June 1: [2 p.]. Available from: http://chronicle.com/ weekly/v53/i39/39a03601.htm Last


accessed 10th February 2011.


13. National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS Graduation Rate Survey. Available from: http://www.higheredinfo.org/dbrowser/?le vel=nation&mode=data&state=0&submeasu re=27 Last accessed 14 February 2011.


14. Lumina Foundation for Education. Four steps to finishing first in higher education: A guide for state policymakers. November 2009. Available from: www. makingopportunityaffordable.org Last accessed 9 February 2011.


15. Lederman D. Borrowing from Bologna. Inside Higher ED. 13 September 2010. Available from: http://www. insidehighered.com/layout/set/print/ news/2010/09/13/lumina Last accessed 14 February 2011.


16. Lederman D. What degrees should mean. Inside Higher ED. 25 January 2011. Available from: http://www. insidehighered.com/news/2011/01/25/ defining_what_a_college_degree_ recipient_should_know_and_be_able_to_ do Last accessed 25 January 2011.


17. Tuning Project. Tuning educational structures in Europe: Aims and objectives. Available from: http://www.tuning. unideusto.org/tuningeu/index.php?opt ion=content&task=view&id=3&It... Last accessed 5 November 2010.


18. Tuning Project. Tuning educational structures in Europe: Available from: http:// www.tuning.unideusto.org/tuningeu/ Last accessed 5 November 2010.


19. Tuning Project. Tuning educational structures in Europe: Radiography. Available from: http://www.tuning. unideusto.org/tuningeu/ index.php?op tion=content&task=view&id=33&… Last accessed 5 November 2010.


20. Howes N. Demystifying the role of the consultant therapy radiographer Imaging and Oncology. 2009 (1) 6-11.


21. Health Professions Council. Standards of proficiency: Radiographers. 2009. London: HPC.


22. Health Professions Council. Your duties as an education provider: Standards of education and training. 2009. London: HPC.


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IMAGING & ONCOLOGY


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