ASHRAE GUIDANCE HOSPITALS AND CLINICS
gas storage spaces, A&E waiting rooms, triage, A&E decontamination, airborne infection isolation (AII) rooms, combination AII/protective environment (PE) rooms, AII anterooms, combination AII/PE anterooms
The option to recirculate air in this way represents signifi cant energy and maintenance benefi ts, because a signifi cant proportion of the (already) heated/cooled and fi ltered air can be re-used. Energy costs will be less and high-effi ciency particulate air (HEPA) fi lters will last longer. In some areas ASHRAE’s guidance
differs signifi cantly from UK practice, as set out in Department of Health technical memorandum HTM 03A. ASHRAE encourages re-circulation, whereas the UK virtually bans it, while ASHRAE steers away from natural ventilation – it is hardly used in North American hospitals – whereas the UK encourages it wherever possible.
Air-handling and distribution systems The chapter covering air-handling and distribution systems includes in Table 3-3 a list of hospital and clinic spaces and a list of their US design conditions, including air change rates, which is ASHRAE’s preferred method of sizing ventilation systems. These design requirements include:
• Signifi cant recirculation advised in most areas – for example, 80% in operating
• Full fresh-air ventilation only required in certain spaces. These include medical
theatres
Natural ventilation Acknowledging ASHRAE’s international membership, the guide introduces natural ventilation as an appropriate solution, directing readers to World Health Organization guidance and UK Department of Health research. CIBSE’s AM10 is listed as the source to use when designing naturally ventilated areas in hospitals.
Room design Of particular benefi t to designers is the updated chapter covering hospital room types. This includes diagrams and examples to help understand the specifi c requirements of different rooms. The section on imaging rooms, for example, identifi es the range of imaging technologies and how each infl uences the room design. The tables of
equipment heat gain have been updated to refl ect the latest medical technology using generic data. Another particularly useful aspect is the way the guide explains the medical terms, which can help to clarify the room’s purpose. The ‘PET’ in the PET scan room, for example, stands for ‘positron emission tomography’, which is a diagnostic imaging technique based on injecting a patient with radioactive material and picturing the emitted radiation to visualise path.
Disaster planning and emergency management A major update now covers a wide range of possible problems, from terrorism threats to natural disasters, and from energy shortages to pandemic outbreaks. The implications for engineering systems are clearly set out, including useful references to more detailed sources.
Sustainability The new chapter on sustainability covers all aspects of this important subject in detail and refers designers to ASHRAE’s
new Hospital Sustainability Standard 189.3. It also refers to the ASHRAE low energy services guide for hospitals, The 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide for Large Hospitals, which can be downloaded for free from the ASHRAE website. The HVAC Design Manual for Hospitals
and Clinics can be obtained from ASHRAE Publications at
www.ashrae.org and is being presented through the ASHRAE Learning Institute Short Course programme. CJ
FRANK MILLS FCIBSE, MASHRAE, MIMechE is a member of ASHRAE TC9.6, Healthcare and a member of the Healthcare Design Guide author group. He is also a healthcare professional involved in low-energy hospitals.
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