Journal Texas Medicine


A Publication of the Texas Medical Association Volume 109, Number 2 February 2013


Locked-in syndrome


Locked-in syndrome is a rare neuropsychological disorder. Its primary features are quadriplegia and paralysis of the cranial nerves except for those responsible for vertical eye movements. The differential diagnosis includes persistent vegetative state, brain death, minimally conscious states, C3 transection of the spinal cord, and conversion locked-in syndrome. Etiologies of locked-in syndrome include hemorrhagic and thrombotic events, tumors affecting the ventral pons, infectious agents, iatrogenic causes, trauma, metabolic abnormalities, and other miscellaneous causes. The clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, neuropsychological assessment, rehabilitation, and prognosis of patients with locked-in syndrome are discussed.


BY MICHAEL S. CARDWELL, MD, JD, MPH, MBA


To read the full text of this Journal article, log on to www.texmed.org/ Feb13Journal/.


February 2013 TEXAS MEDICINE 53


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