Library Data


and rights management much more complex especially in social science and arts and humanities subjects,’ she continued. For publishers, the change to CC-BY could also bring changes to relationships with authors. ‘Under CC-BY we no longer have the ability to protect copyright and associated author rights on their behalf,’ observed Gardner.


‘It will be interesting to see how it’s going to meet the needs of authors,’ agreed IOP’s Gulley. ‘For publishers, one issue is how to manage plagiarism. CC-BY gives people the right to use content so it would not be copying but it does blur the line on what counts as original, publishable, archival work. Whether we still have rights to defend the author and under what circumstances is a related issue.’


And there are potential implications for publishers that have traditionally made money from reprint sales.


This is an issue that NPG considered in crafting its licence policies. ‘Exclusive commercial rights enable NPG to minimise charges to authors by maximising future commercial opportunities, such as


commercial reprints, and use these income streams to help support OA journals,’ noted David Hoole, marketing director at NPG. NPG offers


authors three Creative


Commons licences on its titles. The two non- commercial licences have the same article- processing charge (APC), but the APC for CC-BY is higher. ‘This reflects the loss of


‘I think there are a lot of benefits for CC-BY, such as more flexibility of re-use’ Nicola Gulley


our exclusive commercial rights on these articles, and the impact on future reprints and licensing income,’ explained Hoole. Despite concerns, there is a steady move towards CC-BY by publishers. ‘I think there are a lot of benefits for CC-BY, such as more flexibility of re-use,’ said Gulley. And it’s not unchartered territory for publishers. Major OA publishers such as PLOS, BioMed Central and Hindawi Publishing already use CC-BY. What’s more,


ANALYSIS


CERN has required CC-BY on papers from its research for a long time.


It remains to be seen how researchers respond as they become more aware of and understand the options. It is not yet clear what the implications are for collaborations or whether the licence is better suited to some subjects than others.


A push from science? As Victoria Gardner of Taylor & Francis observed, ‘we have noted that most (if not all) advocates are working in science and technology-related fields (and not social sciences and humanities).’ What’s more, it’s still unknown whether authors can opt out of CC-BY. Some publishers offer a range of CC options. And then, of course, should authors be as reluctant as some predict to publish as CC-BY, there’s always the option to publish their research under a subscription model – provided they are not mandated to do otherwise by their funder.


A longer version of this article, with links to other comments on this topic, can be found at www.researchinformation.info


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