This book includes a plain text version that is designed for high accessibility. To use this version please follow this link.
References
1a
IPCC (2007). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribu-
12
Pavlov, A.V. and Moskalenko, N.G. (2002). The thermal regime of soils in
tion of Working Group 1 to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovern- the north of Western Siberia. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 13, 43-51
mental Panel on Climate Change (eds. S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning,
Z. Chen, M.C. Marquis, K. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller). Intergov-
12
Romanovsky, V.E., Shender, N.I., Sazonova, T.S., Balobaev, V.T., Tipen-
ernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge and New York ko, G.S. and Rusakov, V.G. (2001). Permafrost Temperatures in Alaska
and East Siberia: Past, Present and Future. In: Proceedings of the Second
1
Zhang, T., Barry, R.G., Knowles, K., Heginbottom, J.A. and Brown, J. Russian Conference on Geocryology (Permafrost Science), Moscow, June 6-8
(2000). Further statistics on the distribution of permafrost and ground
ice in the Northern Hemisphere. Polar Geography, 24, 126-131
13
Oberman, N.G. and Mazhitova, G.G. (2001). Permafrost dynamics
in the northeast of European Russia at the end of the 20
th
century.
2
Bockheim, J.G. and Hall, K. J. (2002). Permafrost, active-layer dy- Norwegian Journal of Geography, 55, 241-244
namics and periglacial environments of continental Antarctica, South
African Journal of Science, 98, 82-90
14
Harris, C. and Haeberli, W. (2003). Warming permafrost in Euro-
pean mountains. World Meteorol. Org. Bull., 52(3), 6 (See also Global
3
Brown, J., Ferrians, O.J.J., Heginbottom, J.A. and Melnikov, E.S. (1997). and Planetary Change, 39, 215–225)
International Permafrost Association Circum-Arctic Map of Permafrost and
Ground Ice Conditions, Scale 1:10,000,000. U.S. Geological Survey
15
Isaksen, K., Vonder Mühll, D., Gubler, H., Kohl, T. and Sollid, J.L.
(2000). Ground surface temperature reconstruction based on data
4
Osterkamp, T.E. and Romanovsky, V.E. (1999). Evidence for warming from a deep borehole in permafrost at Janssonhaugen, Svalbard. An-
and thawing of discontinuous permafrost in Alaska. Permafrost and nals of Glaciology, 31, 287–294
Periglacial Processes, 10(1), 17-37
16
Clow, G.D. and Urban, F.E. (2003). GTN-P Monitoring Network: De-
5
Osterkamp, T. E. (2003). A thermal history of permafrost in Alaska, tection of a 3 K permafrost warming in Northern Alaska during the
In: Phillips, M., Springman, S.M. and Arenson, L.U. eds. 8th Inter- 1990s. In: First Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) Open
national Conference on Permafrost, 20-25 July 2003, Zurich. Lisse, A.A. Science Meeting, 27-30 October 2003 Seattle
Balkema Publishers.
17
Kershaw, G.P. (2003). Permafrost landform degradation over more
6
Romanovsky, V.E., Burgess, M., Smith, S., Yoshikawa, K. and Brown, than half a century, Macmillan/Caribou Pass region, NWT/Yukon,
J. (2002). Permafrost temperature records: Indicator of climate change. Canada. In: Phillips, M., Springman, S.M. and Arenson, L.U. eds. Pro-
EOS, 83(50), 589 ceedings of 8
th
International Conference on Permafrost, July 2003, Zurich
Switzerland. Lisse, A.A. Balkema Publishers
7
Smith, S.L., Burgess, M.M., Riseborough, D. and Nixon, F.M. (2005).
Recent trends from Canadian permafrost thermal monitoring network
18
Burn, C. (2002). Recent permafrost warming in Northwest Canada.
sites. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 16, 19-30 Eos Trans. AGU, 83(74), Fall Meeting Supplement Abstract
8
Smith, S.L., Burgess, M.M. and Taylor, A.E. (2003). High Arctic per-
19
Haeberli, W. and Burn, C.R. (2002). Natural hazards in forests: gla-
mafrost observatory at Alert, Nunavut - analysis of a 23 year data set. cier and permafrost effects as related to climate change. In Environ-
In: Phillips, M., Springman, S.M. and Arenson, L.U. eds. 8th Inter- mental change and geomorphic hazards in forests, IUFRO Research Series
national Conference on Permafrost, 20-25 July 2003, Zurich. Lisse, A.A. 9 (ed. R.C. Sidle). CABI Publishing, Wallingford/New York
Balkema Publishers
20
Burn, C.R. (1998). The response (1958-1997) of permafrost and near-
9
Couture, R., Smith, S., Robinson, S.D., Burgess, M.M. and Solomon, surface ground temperatures to forest fire, Takhini River valley, south-
S. (2003). On the hazards to infrastructure in the Canadian north asso- ern Yukon Territory. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 35,184-199
ciated with thawing of permafrost. In: Proceedings of Geohazards 2003,
3
rd
Canadian Conference on Geotechnique and Natural Hazards. The Ca-
21
Broll, G., Tarnocai, C. and Gould, J. (2003). Long-term high Arctic
nadian Geotechnical Society ecosystem monitoring in Quttinirpaaq National Park, Ellesmere Is-
land, Canada. In: Phillips, M., Springman, S.M. and Arenson, L.U.
10
Pavlov, A.V. (1994). Current changes of climate and permafrost in the Arc- eds, Proceedings of 8
th
International Conference on Permafrost, July 2003,
tic and Sub-Arctic of Russia. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 5, 101-110 Zurich Switzerland. Lisse, A.A. Balkema Publishers
CHAPTER 7 FROZEN GROUND 197
Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88  |  Page 89  |  Page 90  |  Page 91  |  Page 92  |  Page 93  |  Page 94  |  Page 95  |  Page 96  |  Page 97  |  Page 98  |  Page 99  |  Page 100  |  Page 101  |  Page 102  |  Page 103  |  Page 104  |  Page 105  |  Page 106  |  Page 107  |  Page 108  |  Page 109  |  Page 110  |  Page 111  |  Page 112  |  Page 113  |  Page 114  |  Page 115  |  Page 116  |  Page 117  |  Page 118  |  Page 119  |  Page 120  |  Page 121  |  Page 122  |  Page 123  |  Page 124  |  Page 125  |  Page 126  |  Page 127  |  Page 128  |  Page 129  |  Page 130  |  Page 131  |  Page 132  |  Page 133  |  Page 134  |  Page 135  |  Page 136  |  Page 137  |  Page 138  |  Page 139  |  Page 140  |  Page 141  |  Page 142  |  Page 143  |  Page 144  |  Page 145  |  Page 146  |  Page 147  |  Page 148  |  Page 149  |  Page 150  |  Page 151  |  Page 152  |  Page 153  |  Page 154  |  Page 155  |  Page 156  |  Page 157  |  Page 158  |  Page 159  |  Page 160  |  Page 161  |  Page 162  |  Page 163  |  Page 164  |  Page 165  |  Page 166  |  Page 167  |  Page 168  |  Page 169  |  Page 170  |  Page 171  |  Page 172  |  Page 173  |  Page 174  |  Page 175  |  Page 176  |  Page 177  |  Page 178  |  Page 179  |  Page 180  |  Page 181  |  Page 182  |  Page 183  |  Page 184  |  Page 185  |  Page 186  |  Page 187  |  Page 188  |  Page 189  |  Page 190  |  Page 191  |  Page 192  |  Page 193  |  Page 194  |  Page 195  |  Page 196  |  Page 197  |  Page 198  |  Page 199  |  Page 200  |  Page 201  |  Page 202  |  Page 203  |  Page 204  |  Page 205  |  Page 206  |  Page 207  |  Page 208  |  Page 209  |  Page 210  |  Page 211  |  Page 212  |  Page 213  |  Page 214  |  Page 215  |  Page 216  |  Page 217  |  Page 218  |  Page 219  |  Page 220  |  Page 221  |  Page 222  |  Page 223  |  Page 224  |  Page 225  |  Page 226  |  Page 227  |  Page 228  |  Page 229  |  Page 230  |  Page 231  |  Page 232  |  Page 233  |  Page 234  |  Page 235  |  Page 236  |  Page 237  |  Page 238
Produced with Yudu - www.yudu.com