Figure 5: Effect of trace mineral source in rearing Holstein calves. Daily weight gain during 7 week rearing period (grams per day; means; n=20) and hemoglobin status measured in week 6 - 7 of age (grams per litre; means; n=20) (Hildebrand, 2016).
Besides breeding cattle, another important field for the application
of chelated trace minerals is for calves. Most calves are born with a deficiency of trace minerals. Besides Se, I, and Mn, especially Fe, but also Cu and Zn are fed to young calves via milk replacer or certain supplements in order to reduce the risk of anemia and diseases. Calves require a sufficient supply for hemoglobin synthesis, growth, bone development and immune system. In a field study conducted at a dairy cow facility in Germany, glycine chelates (ECOTrace®
) were compared
to sulfates in female calves via supplementation in whole-milk feeding during the first 8 weeks of age (Hildebrand, 2016). The daily dosage was 50 mg Fe, 15 mg Zn, and 5 mg Cu from sulfates or glycinates, solubilized in the milk storage tank. The field test demonstrated that
supplementation of whole milk with essential trace minerals is required to support normal development of calves. The use of glycine chelates instead of sulfates was more effective in supporting hemoglobin synthesis and growth (Figure 5). In conclusion partial replacement of inorganic sources by ECO
Trace minerals ensures an adequate trace mineral supply to the whole herd, compensating differences between individual animals and changes in the environment. Moreover, dietary antagonisms and native contents in forages have to be considered. Applications of glycine-bound trace elements have superior bioavailability compared to oxides and sulfate, and thus the performance and health status of dairy cows and calves is improved.
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