5 DREAMS AND PERSONALITY Answers Model answers:


1 Freud’s approach to dreams; Jung’s approach to dreams.


2 Role of Freudian and Jungian therapists.


3 Allowing your mind to make unrestricted connections between ideas and words (a little like brainstorming).


4 An ancient symbol of completeness or wholeness, like the circle.


Transcript ≤1.23 Part 3


Anyway, um ... now, moving on to approaches to dream analysis. Basically, as I mentioned before, Freud and Jung agreed that the unconscious is the driving force behind our behaviour. And ... um ... in fact ... they also agreed that dreams were the gateway to the unconscious, or, as Freud put it, ‘the royal road to the unconscious’. However, because their views of the internal workings of the psyche were so different, they approached the interpretation of dreams from different angles too.


First, let’s look at Freud. According to Freud, the


underlying energy guiding our behaviour is both unconscious and motivated by unfulfilled sexual urges. Freud maintained that by recalling and analyzing dreams, his patients could become aware of their unconscious instincts, controlled by the id, and make them conscious, bringing them under the control of the ego. Obviously, this isn’t automatic. He believed that the psychotherapist has an important role to play by encouraging the patient to relate the images in their dreams with the first word that comes to mind, in a process called free association.


Right … Now, I’d like to turn to Jung’s approach to dream analysis. Jung, as I mentioned before, believed that our individual unconscious was part of a collective unconscious. In his book Freud and the Post-Freudians, Brown claimed that we can see evidence of this in the universal nature of myths, and images of completeness, such as the circle. For example, if you look at Slide 3, you can see a ‘mandala’, an ancient symbol of wholeness. So, actually, Jung didn’t agree with Freud that dreams were just disguised enactments of repressed desires. Jung believed that dreams link us with the accumulated knowledge of our ancestors. So, for a Jungian, dream analysis is much more to do with connecting with this ancient wisdom.


Exercise F


This gives further practice in identifying words and phrases used synonymously in a particular context.


Set for individual work and pairwork checking. Answers


1 g, 2 e, 3 d, 4 f, 5 a, 6 b, 7 c. Closure


Check that students understand some of the concepts and vocabulary in the unit so far, including:


• Freud and Jung’s theories of personality structure. • the influence of the unconscious on behaviour. • the function of dreams in psychoanalysis. • the connection between dreams and myth.


Note: Students will need their lecture notes from this lesson in Lesson 5.3.


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