Methodology note
There is no need to teach all the words given in the model answers for question 1. However, if students suggest words that others do not know, it would, of course, be reasonable to check/clarify meanings of such words at this point.
≤Exercise D
Tell students to use their outline from Exercise C to take notes. Which topics do they expect to hear in this section?
Play Part 2. Put students in pairs to compare their notes and discuss the questions.
Feed back. When it becomes clear that the lecturer did not actually stick to the plan in the introduction, say that this happens very often in lectures. Lecturers are human! Although it is a good idea to prepare outline notes, students need to be ready to alter and amend these. Discuss how best to do this. One obvious way is to use a non-linear approach such as a mind map or spidergram, where new topics can easily be added.
After checking answers to questions 2 and 3, build a complete set of notes on the board as in the example in the Answers section.
Answers
Possible answers: 1 Example notes:
DREAMS
Transcript ≤1.22 Part 2
OK, first of all, let’s look at Freud’s psychodynamic theory of personality. Freud believed that the personality is comprised of three components: the id, the ego and the superego, and that the unconscious plays a major role in directing our daily behaviour. So, according to Freud, the id is a part of our psyche that represents our unconscious wishes. Basically, the id drives our aggression and our sexual desires. In contrast to the id, the ego, which is the conscious aspect of the personality, controls our primitive urges and allows us to live harmoniously in a community. To put it another way, the ego mediates between the id and our need to live in a society.
Now, I’m going to move on to talk about Jung’s theory of personality. Actually, Jung agreed with Freud that the unconscious drives our behaviour, but Jung believed that the individual self is a part of the collective unconscious. Sorry … speaking of Freud, I forgot to mention the third element of his personality theory, the superego. This is the part of the psyche that controls our moral decisions, and the mechanism for coordinating these three aspects is known as a compromise.
Erm … where was I? Right, to get back to Jung. Essentially, Jung believed in the existence of a collective unconscious. By that, he meant the unconscious accumulation of human experience throughout the evolution of the species. I think his theory of the collective unconscious is really very interesting, particularly as it can branch out into myth and even mysticism.
Freud psychodynamic
• id – unconscious wishes/aggression/ sex
• ego – conscious/ control
• superego – morality
Jung • collective unconscious • myth/mysticism
2 Discussed first: Freud’s theory of personality; second: Jung’s theory of personality.
3 Myth and mysticism. Jung Freud ≤Exercise E
Ask students what they expect to hear about in the next part. Refer students to their outline again. Give them time to read the questions. Note that the final part of the lecture will be heard in Lesson 5.3, but there is no need to tell them this at this point. Play Part 3. Set the questions for pairwork. Students should use their notes to help them answer the questions.
Feed back. Note that there is no need to build a set of notes on the board at this point – this will be done in Lesson 5.3. Ask students if they can remember what the lecturer was talking about when she lost her place (collective unconscious) and exactly what she said to indicate that she had lost her place (Erm … where was I? Right, …).
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dream analysis
personality theories
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