4 PSYCHOLOGY AND COMPUTERS


What …? Where …? When …? Why …? How …?


If you want, you could choose some questions to write on one side of the board.


Answers Possible answers:


1 The differences between clinical and research applications of computers in the past and recent developments in social networking and online games.


2 Research into cognitive thought processes led to the development of information processing models for computer programming. Elicit student knowledge of CT/PET scans.


3 Possible questions:


What is the connection between thought processes and computer programs?


Where is a PET scan used? When were PET scans invented?


Why can online social networks be useful for psychologists?


How can computers help treat people with mental disorders?


Who uses online social networks? etc.


Exercise C


Set for pairwork. Establish that Figure 1 represents an illusion, while Figure 2 represents a PET scan.


Exercise D


Set for individual work and pairwork checking. Feed back, trying to get consensus on each point, but do not actually confirm or correct. Preface your remarks with phrases like: So most of you think … You all agree/ disagree that … Remind students to look back at these predictions while they are reading the text (Exercise F).


Draw students’ attention to words like whole and always. Point out that these words make statements very strong. The truth may actually be better expressed with a limiting word, e.g., most/some/many, or with words which express possibility such as may or seem, or adverbs such as sometimes, usually, often.


Exercise E


Review paragraph structure – i.e., paragraphs usually begin with a topic sentence which makes a statement that is then expanded in the following sentences. Thus, topic sentences give an indication of the contents of the paragraph. You may wish to refer students to the Skills


bank at this point.


1 Write the topic sentences from the text on an OHT, or use Resource 4B from the additional resources section. Students should use only the topic sentences for this exercise. Set for individual work and pairwork checking.


2 Set for pairwork. Tell students that close analysis of the topic sentences will help them. Feed back with the whole class. Point out any language features which led them to draw their conclusions.


Answers 1 Text structure A. 2 Possible answers:


Predicted content


Para 1 ways that computers and psychology are associated: thought processes, diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, virtual reality


Para 2 cognitive models of thought processes, models of perception and computer programming


Para 3 advantages of computer imaging, different types of equipment for examining the brain, treatments for mental illness


Para 4 virtual reality, online games and personality, new counselling methods


Para 5 future developments Exercise F


Set the reading. Students should make notes on the differences between their predictions and the text.


Answers


Possible answers: Paragraph 1


Prediction: ways that computers and psychology are associated: thought processes, diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, virtual reality.


Actual: The prediction was correct. This is the introduction, which outlines the content of the paragraphs to follow.


Paragraph 2


Prediction: cognitive models of thought processes, models of perception and computer programming


Actual: The paragraph goes into detail about Gestalt principles of organizing data, as a link between psychological research and information processing models for thought processing.


Paragraph 3


Prediction: advantages of computer imaging, different types of equipment for examining the brain, treatments for mental illness


Actual: It covers all these, but also gives an example of using virtual reality to treat anxiety and phobias.


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