Language note


1 Note that within-sentence linking words may be placed at the beginning of the sentence with a comma after the first clause, as in: Because parapsychology has evolved very rigorous research methods, science and psychology have benefited from its development.


2 Although the between-sentence linking words are described above as joining two sentences, they can of course link two independent clauses joined by coordinating linking words and or but, as in: Research in parapsychology has discovered that hypnosis is a psychological phenomenon, and, as a result, mainstream psychology has been able to expand its areas of investigation.


Exercise C


1 Set for individual work. Note that students should try to put each word into one of the two categories, even if it is not immediately clear how it could be relevant. If they are not sure which category to use, they should try to think of a phrase containing the word and imagine how it could be relevant to one of the categories.


2 Ask students to compare their answers and to justify their choices. Feed back with the whole class, discussing the words for which students feel the category is not obvious. If no decision can be reached, say you will come back to the words a little later.


3/4 Set for pairwork. Feed back with the whole class if you wish.


Answers


Model answers: Word


a'nomalous blind 'testing 'consciousness hyp'nosis


in'vestigator 'mainstream 'mental


out-of-'body parapsy'chology


per'ception phe'nomena prove


repeata'bility 184


Suggested categories paranormal research


paranormal paranormal research


Part of speech adj


n (U) n (U) n (U) n (C)


research/paranormal (contrast) adj paranormal paranormal


adj adj


paranormal/research


paranormal paranormal research research


n (U) n (U, C)


Other words/phrases strange, unusual


anonymous, unidentified awareness, understanding mesmerism


researcher, experimenter traditional, conventional psychological/of the mind remote, at a distance


study of the relationship between the paranormal and the mind


understanding, awareness, view


n pl. (C) (sing. phenomenon) events, occurrences, situations v


n (U)


demonstrate, show, establish ability to duplicate


Exercise D Note: students may need to use dictionaries in question 2.


Students should first read through the text to get an idea of the topic.


1/2 Set for individual work and pairwork checking. Feed back with the whole class.


Point out that having done these questions, it should now be possible to say whether the words in box b can be put into a ‘research’ or a ‘paranormal’ group. (In the case of parapsychology, a case can be made for both groups.) The point here is that the context will make clear what the meaning of a word should be. This is important when it comes to making a guess at the meaning of a word you are not sure of initially.


3 Since the text is about the link between parapsychology and mainstream science, ask students to identify all the words first about parapsychology and the paranormal and then about scientific research. Set for individual work and pairwork checking. Feed back with the whole class, if you wish, using an OHT and two coloured pens, or other visual medium. Point out how the two themes of parapsychology and the paranormal and scientific research run through the text.


Tell students that a particular topic will have groups of words which are connected to or associated with it – known as ‘lexical chains’. These lexical chains show us the themes that run through the text and which help ‘glue’ the ideas together to make a cohesive piece of text. It is a good idea, therefore, to learn vocabulary according to topic areas.


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