9 PERSONALITY ≤Exercise C
Refer students to the lecture slide in Lesson 9.2. Ask them what they know already about genes and the environment. What would they like to know?
Tell them to prepare a page to take notes using the Cornell system. Remind them that they may not get all the information. If they miss something, they should leave a space. They can fill it in after the lecture.
Let them read the questions through and tell them to listen out for the answers to questions 2, 3 and 4.
1 Play Part 3 straight through. Students should complete the Notes section.
2–4 Set for pairwork. Feed back with the whole class. Ask for suggestions for phrases to use to find out about the importance of digressions, e.g., Why did the lecturer start talking about …? I didn’t understand the bit about … Is it important? and so on (see Skills bank).
5/6 Set for pairwork. Students compare their notes, complete any blank spaces and then write the Review and Summary sections.
Feed back with the whole class, building a set of notes on the board.
Answers Possible answers: 1 See notes below. 2 The Cornell note-taking system. 3 It’s important to know how to take good notes.
Review
Personality depend. on brain structure ...? (give example)
Is personality inherited …? In favour …?
Objections to research methods …
Notes historical view BUT not scientific
e.g., Gage: frontal lobe damage →change from serious to irresponsible ∴ brain damage →change in personality ∴ behaviour depends on parts of brain
• research method = twin studies →identical/fraternal
• Big Five traits inherited e.g., Borkenau, 2001 →correl. for behav. of frat. twins only 20–30% ∴ genetic link
• Weakness in twin studies research method: 1. self- or peer-reporting →bias
• Borkenau: better ∴ detached observers 2. upbringing →affects personality
Recent research in favour …? • support for Eysenck (introvert/extrovert) o Schwartz 2003: introvts/extrovts response to familiar/unfamiliar faces o brain activity measured by fMRI o result = introvts. more sensitive to unfamiliar than extrovts.
Summary There is evidence that personality is affected by physiology. Genetic inheritance is supported by twin studies BUT research method questionable. New research methods (fMRI) indicate relationship between introversion/extroversion and behaviour.
153 ident. twins = 40–60% BUT
4 To find out about the effect of environment on the development of personality.
5/6 See notes below. Note: The summary here is concerned with the section on social cognition, humanism only – not the lecturer’s overall summary of the four theories and means of measuring personality.
Transcript≤2.13 Part 3
Now, let’s look at the last point on our slide: genes and the environment. The question is … is personality inherited or environmentally determined?
The theory that personality is based on brain
structure has a long history, and until recently, not much of it was scientific. However, the extraordinary case of Phineas Gage, that’s G-A-G-E, does illustrate the influence of different parts of the brain on behaviour. In 1848, Phineas Gage suffered an accident in which an iron rod went through his cheek and the frontal lobe of his brain. Amazingly, he survived the accident, but changed from being a serious, reliable person to being irresponsible and reckless. In effect, brain damage had altered his personality. This is fairly strong evidence that behaviour is dependent on specific parts of the brain. You can find a full account of the case in Personality: theory and research by Pervin (the 9th 2005) … it’s in the library.
edition was published in
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144 |
Page 145 |
Page 146 |
Page 147 |
Page 148 |
Page 149 |
Page 150 |
Page 151 |
Page 152 |
Page 153 |
Page 154 |
Page 155 |
Page 156 |
Page 157 |
Page 158 |
Page 159 |
Page 160 |
Page 161 |
Page 162 |
Page 163 |
Page 164 |
Page 165 |
Page 166 |
Page 167 |
Page 168 |
Page 169 |
Page 170 |
Page 171 |
Page 172 |
Page 173 |
Page 174 |
Page 175 |
Page 176 |
Page 177 |
Page 178 |
Page 179 |
Page 180 |
Page 181 |
Page 182 |
Page 183 |
Page 184 |
Page 185 |
Page 186 |
Page 187 |
Page 188 |
Page 189 |
Page 190 |
Page 191 |
Page 192 |
Page 193 |
Page 194 |
Page 195 |
Page 196 |
Page 197 |
Page 198 |
Page 199 |
Page 200 |
Page 201 |
Page 202 |
Page 203 |
Page 204 |
Page 205 |
Page 206 |
Page 207 |
Page 208 |
Page 209 |
Page 210 |
Page 211 |
Page 212 |
Page 213 |
Page 214 |
Page 215 |
Page 216 |
Page 217 |
Page 218 |
Page 219 |
Page 220 |
Page 221 |
Page 222 |
Page 223 |
Page 224 |
Page 225 |
Page 226 |
Page 227 |
Page 228 |
Page 229 |
Page 230 |
Page 231 |
Page 232 |
Page 233 |
Page 234 |
Page 235 |
Page 236 |
Page 237 |
Page 238 |
Page 239 |
Page 240 |
Page 241 |
Page 242 |
Page 243 |
Page 244 |
Page 245 |
Page 246 |
Page 247 |
Page 248 |
Page 249 |
Page 250 |
Page 251 |
Page 252 |
Page 253 |
Page 254 |
Page 255 |
Page 256 |
Page 257 |
Page 258 |
Page 259 |
Page 260 |
Page 261
