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BUILDING DESIGN


jalousie at the bottom that will ensure a steady flow of air inside the rooms. The skylights also feature jalousies, which allow them to provide natural ventilation. Finally, to increase the thermal inertia of


the hospital the walls are made of 25 cm thick reinforced concrete, with an external coating of volcanic stones of the same thickness. In addition, over the ground floor 10 cm of thermal insulation of high density mineral wool has been fitted. Incorporating insulation below the floors was also evaluated, however the simulations with 5, 10 and 15 cm of insulation showed that temperatures would rise more than necessary, so this initiative was dismissed. The island has an average rainfall of over


1,100 mm per year, so the project also needed to take advantage of this water. The hospital uses the rain water from the glass roofs on its toilets. In addition, a trench around the hospital perimeter receives dirty rain water from the surrounding pavements and roadways and transfers it to a retention pond, which delays the delivery of water to the public rainwater network. This was designed to avoid the collapse of the public collectors.


Intercultural project From the beginning of the project the Rapa Nui communities were invited to express their needs for this complex. The architects understood the importance of taking into account the cosmovision and living context of the islanders. For example it is usual on the island to enter and leave buildings freely and there is no strict sense of private property.


Hanga Roa hospital makes the best use of natural lighting to save energy costs for artificial lighting during the daytime


Therefore, the spaces of the hospital have been designed to be very open and permeable. Spaces for traditional Rapa Nui medicine,


with cultural elements have also been included. The hospital has a ‘taupea,’ an intermediate space between interior and exterior – very characteristic of the homes in which the easter islanders spend a large part of their day. These spaces are designed for recreational activities too. The hospital also included a ceremonial courtyard in front of an ecumenical chapel. The courtyard has an


‘umu’ – a stone surface over an earth oven – where local food such as ‘curantos’ are prepared to celebrate rites for births and deaths. In this courtyard there are several orchards surrounded with volcanic stone walls called ‘manavai’, for planting medicinal herbs.


Reference 1 Easter Island has an average of 1,126 mm rain per year (Source: Servicio Metereología de Chile).





Providing insights into the vast field of healthcare engineering and facility management


66 IFHE DIGEST 2015


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