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Quarrying


London Low-Emission Zone for non-road mobile machinery The Greater London Authority has been working for some time on introducing a LEZ for NRMM, in a similar way to the on-highway LEZ that is in force already. A draft of the proposed regulations circulated in September 2011 includes the following points: From 1 June 2012, all NRMM at high risk sites would have to meet the Stage IIIA standard. The definition of ‘high risk’ is not included in the draft but is assumed to mean those in sensitive locations such as next to schools or hospitals. Note that Stage IIIA came into effect between the end of 2005 and the end of 2007, so most machines under 5 years old will comply. From 1 June 2013, NRMM used on any site in London would be required to meet the Stage IIIA standard. See comments above. By this time most machines under 6 years old will comply. From 1 June 2014, NRMM used on any site in London would be required to meet the Stage IIIB standard. This is the tough one. As Stage IIIB will only have been in force for 18 months for engines of 37-56kW there will be many machines around that do not comply, even very new ones! However, recent communications from the GLA tell us that the project has been delayed and the dates above no longer apply. We await further communication towards the end of this year. The GLA states that retrofitting (to upgrade existing machinery to new emission levels) is an option open to owners; however there are problems with this.


It is possible to buy and install DPFs to reduce particulate emissions and this could really be a useful option up to June 2014. The reason is that the NOx limits did not reduce at Stage


IIIA, so Stage II machines from around 2003/4 with a suitable DPF could comply until then.


However the allowable NOx levels have reduced significantly for Stage IIIB, so from 2014 just adding a DPF will probably not do the trick. A study of the effectiveness of retrofitting London buses with NOx reduction equipment concluded it wasn’t worth doing, so there could be a real problem coming up at that time.


Difficulty in achieving compliance


Machines just a couple of years old, or even brand new if the manufacturer has used a Stage IIIA engine under either of the sell-off or flexibility schemes, might not comply, and it could be nigh-on impossible to make them comply.


And how is all this going to be introduced and enforced? The idea is that Local Planning Authorities would write conditions into planning approvals requiring that machinery used on sites complied with the LEZ requirements, and it would then be up to the LPAs to enforce it.


What kind of enforcement, and what kind of penalties could be levied, is not clear at present as the scheme has not been finalised, and it depends on the granting of planning applications. And what about other cities, will they follow London? We just


don’t know. There have been suggestions that other cities are watching to see how it works out before introducing their own schemes. We will have to wait and see on that one. One thing is for sure, emissions legislation is not going to make the lives of contractors any easier!


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