Follow up 14 weeks, 3 groups: 1) Treatment with simple elastic sleeve
2) Treatment with a knee sleeve with silicone patellar ring 3) No treatment
Kannus (1992) (9) N=53
Follow up at 6 weeks and 6 months, 2 groups:
1) Intra articular injections of GAGPS*1 basic conservative treatment
2) Placebo intra-articular injections of
saline and conservative treatment In the treatment of PFPS
Eng (1993) (10) N=10
Patients with PFPS and forefoot varus or calcaneal valgus, 2 groups:
1) Exercise programme and soft foot orthotics 2) Exercise programme only
Kowall ( 1996) (11) N=25
Follow up 4 weeks, 2 groups:
1) VAS*2
2) Isokinetic strength 3) EMG activity of
1) Patellar taping and twice weekly 4-week quadriceps muscles course of physical therapy. 2) Twice weekly 4 week course of physical therapy
Thomee (1997) (12) N=40
Follow up 3 & 12 months, 2 groups:
1) Physical activity level Both groups improved by Tegner and Lysholm scale
1) Education and 12 week isometric muscle 2) Pain: VAS*2 contraction programme with pain monitoring system
pain score 3) Muscle function: using
2) Education and 12 week eccentric muscle isometric, concentric and contractions with pain monitoring system eccentric extension torques on a dynamometer, EMG activity recordings and vertical jump test
Timm 1998 (13) N=300
Follow-up 4 weeks, 3 groups:
1) Taping and exercise group
2) Progressive resistance brace during activities of daily living 3) No treatment (control)
Harrison 1999 (14) N=113
Follow up 4 weeks and 12 months, 3 groups:
1) Eccentric quadriceps exercises with biofeedback plus mobilisations
2) Standard quadriceps exercises and
patellar mobilisations 3) Home programme of standard exercises