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TECHNOLOGY | ODOUR AND EMISSIONS


Right: The Fraunhofer Institute has initiated a project to identify


irritants and off-odours in children’s toys and clothing


exposure in water, which then is tested according to DIN 10995 at an independent external laboratory. A panel of professional testers, specially selected for their acute sense of taste and smell, evaluate the samples for adverse organoleptic effects. Test results are included in the certificate of


analysis. According to Dulli, this is especially impor- tant, because sensitive applications such as mineral water require superior organoleptic care compare to a standard food contact approved masterbatch. Clariant intends to extend the SenseAction organo- leptic concept to other sensitive applications where odour and/or taste are an issue for the consumer and therefore the brand owners, he says.


Focused on children The Bavarian State Ministry for the Environment and Consumer Protection (STMUV) in Germany has recently funded a two-year project at the Fraun- hofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV to identify irritants and off-odours in children’s toys and clothing. There is a need to minimise material odours and other negative impressions in these applications to minimise the harm caused by increasingly prevalent physiologi- cal conditions in children, including allergies, multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) and stressor effects. Relevant substances and their effects have, until now, not been thoroughly researched, according to the institute. Dr Erika Zardin, Business Development Manager,


Below: Imerys says odour and VOC reduction is now a major issue in the automotive plastics market


Product Performance at Fraunhofer IVV, says that in order to acquire a better understanding of this issue, children’s products with off-odours were first of all subjected to sensory evaluation. More than 50 toy products were evaluated in this way and those that resulted in more offensive odours were subject to further analysis. For example, inflatable swim- ming aids (armbands, swimming rings and beach


balls) were among the most powerfully odorous items, as well as common toys such as plastic swords and children’s costume accessories. Instrumental analytical techniques were em-


ployed, including gas chromatography-olfactome- try coupled to mass spectrometry, to identify the chemicals responsible for the characteristic odours. The studies showed that a large number of compounds in plastic products can lead to un- pleasant off-odours and/or nasal irritation (trigemi- nal response), as well as headaches. Some of these were identified for the first time in this project and found to be listed among physiologically harmful substances. Some toys with strong odours also contained harmful, non-odorous substances. According to Fraunhofer IVV, the results demon-


strated that the typical odours associated with toys and inflatables could be not just unpleasant, but potentially harmful. In addition, the assumption that a particular odour is unavoidably linked to the plastic material was challenged. The study, for example, showed that the odour-active substances can be unnecessary, being contaminants such as non-intentionally added substances and residues from the manufacturing process, or breakdown products of the constituent polymers or additives. Correlation of the sensory evaluation with the chemical analysis allowed marker substances to be identified which could be used for future quality monitoring. The studies also formed the basis for determining the sources of contamination and for identifying reaction pathways leading to the formation of undesirable substances. Follow-up studies will evaluate the physiological and toxico- logical properties of these substances. Particular focus will be put on the exposure to these sub- stances to consumers, workers in the manufactur- ing process, and people involved in sales and


38 COMPOUNDING WORLD | January 2018 www.compoundingworld.com


PHOTO: IMERYS


PHOTO: SHUTTERSTOCK


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