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ASSOCIATION OF ZOOS AND AQUARIUMS (AZA)


ZOOS AND AQUARIUMS ARE MORE POPULAR THAN EVER BEFORE – AND MORE NECESSARY THAN EVER BEFORE AS ENGINES OF WILDLIFE CONSERVATION


creating wages for workers at the institu- tions, and supporting jobs throughout the economy as the initial spending by zoos and aquariums is re-spent and re-cycled. AZA-accredited US facilities spent US$4.6bn (£2.8bn, €3.4bn) in 2012, ac- cording to Stephen S Fuller, PhD, director of the Center for Regional Analysis at George Mason University (see Table). This was divided between annual operations ex- penditures of US$3.5bn (£2.1bn, €2.6bn), plus US$1.1bn (£660m, €800m) in capi- tal improvements. Not included were the significant spending outlays of concession- aires that provide retail and food services at these facilities. Including the operating expenses of these businesses would grow the total economic impact of the respec- tive attractions even more. Another source of important revenue in the community surrounding AZA-accredited


facilities is the off-site spending of their visitors in combination with their visits. While not all guests combine their visit with commercial activities, research has shown that some do and that this spend- ing can be significant, particularly when it stems from out-of-town tourists. Visitors to AZA-accredited attractions in 2012 num- bered 181.9 million globally, while 169.4 million of those visited an accredited establishment in the US. The visit-relat- ed, off-site spending of those visitors in the US has been estimated at US$2.4bn (£1.4bn, €1.8bn). Here is a summary of the economic benefit of the facilities and their visitors in 2012: • Direct expenditures by US AZA-accred- ited attractions of US$4.6bn (£2.8bn, €3.4bn) contributed US$13.2bn (£7.9bn, €9.7bn) to the US GDP


, based on the use of an aggregate output multiplier of 2.88.


• Direct spending generated US$4.4bn (£2.6bn, €3.3bn) in wages and salaries for US workers and supported 132,015 jobs in the US.


• Before-and-after visitor spending, estimated to total US$2.4bn (£1.4bn, €1.8bn), added an additional US$6.6bn (£3.9bn, €4.9bn) to GDP, generated US$2bn (£1.2bn, €1.5bn) in wages, and supported 61,971 jobs nationwide. • Total contribution of AZA-accredited facilities to the US economy in 2012 was US$19.8bn (£11.8bn, €14.6bn), generat- ing personal earnings of US$6.4bn (£3.8bn, €4.7bn) and supporting 193,986 jobs. • Eight of AZA’s ten international mem- ber organisations reported direct annual operating and capital expenditures total- ling US$490.7m (£293.3m, €360.5m) in 2012. This added an estimated US$1.1bn (£660m, €800m) in aggregate benefits


TABLE SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC IMPACTS GENERATED BY AZA-ACCREDITED ZOOS AND AQUARIUMS IN 2012 (US$BN) Sources


Total US


AZA members Visitors


International Canadian Other*


TOTAL IMPACTS


Direct outlays $6.948


4.578 2.370


$0.491 0.116 0.375


$7.439


Total output (1) $19.842


13.206 6.636


$1.146 0.265 0.881


$20.988


Personal earnings (2) $6.378


4.447 1.961


$0.352 0.082 0.270


$6.730


Jobs supported (3) 193,986


132,015 61,971 10,772 2,674 8,098


204,758


Source: Association of Zoos and Aquariums; GMU Center for Regional Analysis. Notes: (1) Total value of goods and services generated directly and indirectly as a result of annual expenditures by zoos and aquariums and their visitors in the US in 2012; (2) Additional earnings generated within the US; (3) Additional new jobs supported nationwide by the spending and re-spending of direct expenditures. *Four of six non-Canadian zoos reporting.


104 Attractions Handbook 2014-2015 www.attractionshandbook.com


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