THE WEIRS TIMES BOATING & RECREATION GUIDE — Spring / Summer 2012 LAKES from 15


tectonic lakes include: Lake Baikal in Siberia, the world’s oldest (at least 25 million years old) and deepest lake (5,387 feet); and Lake Tahoe in Cali- fornia and Nevada, which is approximately 2 million years old and 1,645 feet deep.


Lakes are formed by volcanic activity. When forces from deep within the earth cause volcanoes to erupt, sometimes rock and other earthen mate- rial are violently ejected upward and a depres- sion is left behind. Other times, molten rock seeps slowly out of a volcano, making it a hollow cave with a relatively thin and heavy roof which may collapse. Both volcanic processes can result in a basin sealed off with solid rock on the bottom that eventually fills with water. Some of the deepest lakes in the world are “volca- nic lakes.” Crater Lake in Oregon, formed ap- proximately 7,700 years ago by the collapse of the volcano Mount Mazama, is, at 1,949 feet deep, the seventh deepest lake in the world and the deepest lake in the U.S.


Lakes are formed by landslides. Landslides are sudden movements of large quantities of loose soil and rocks and other earthen material, usually caused by abnormal mete-


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Some lakes in New Hampshire were formed by rivers, as show in this diagram.


orological events, includ- ing excessive rainfall and earthquakes. A temporary or permanent “landslide lake” can form when a large amount of earthen material falls from a steep slope into a stream val- ley, damming the flow of a stream or river. In New Hampshire, the south side of Profile Lake, lo- cated in Franconia Notch at the base of Cannon Mountain, is dammed by landslide debris.


Lakes are formed when


underground rocks are dissolved by water run- ning across the land- scape. Rock formations made of salt or limestone are easily eroded away by water which can re-


sult in basins that fill up with water. These types of lakes, referred to as “solution lakes,” are most common in Florida, and can also be found in the mid-west. Since most of the rock formations in New Hampshire contain primarily granite which is not easily eroded, and few contain significant amounts of limestone, so- lution lakes in the Granite State are not common.


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