Friday 13 April 2012 at 15:15 - 16:45 WORK, EMPLOYMENT AND ECONOMIC LIFE
RECESSION Li, Y.
Ethnic Employment in Hard Times
This study examines the employment situation of ethnic groups in Britain and the USA in the last forty years (1972- 2011), especially during the hard times (economic recessions). Using data from the General Household Survey/Labour Force Survey for Britain and the Current Population Survey for the USA with around 10 million records, we can find detailed patterning of ethnic employment in each of the forty years covering several important recession times. Focusing on working-age groups (16-64 for men and 16-60 for women), we find clear trends of ethnic disadvantage, ethnic hyper-cyclical unemployment, ethnic penalty, and ethnic scarring effects associated with hard times. The Blacks were always found to be more likely to have higher unemployment rates in both countries, followed by the Hispanics in the US and the Pakistanis-Bangladeshis in Britain. There are also important social changes happening in society, with ethnic equality becoming more apparent for the US women since the mid 1990s and for British men since the early 2000s. The youngest cohort, particularly those from certain disadvantaged ethnic backgrounds and resident in diverse and deprived areas, were especially hard hit during peak times of unemployment and such scarring effects were clearly visible during the next rounds of recessions. A great deal of work needs to be done before true equality in ethnic employment can be achieved.
Warren, T. University of Nottingham
Gender and Economic Life in the UK: Subjective Evaluations of Economic (In)Security in an Age of Austerity
The current economic crisis was predicted to have a gendered impact, affecting women and men in different ways. Drawing on a British Academy funded sociological research project into the consequences of recession in the UK, this paper will explore gender inequalities in economic life. Rather than focus on objective indicators of economic inequalities, it looks instead to subjective indicators such as expressed feelings of economic in/security. Whilst men overall experienced higher levels of job loss than women in previous recessions, women were seen to carry the heavier emotional burden of job loss and economic insecurity within a household context. Analysing data from the British Household Panel Survey and its successor Understanding Society the paper will identify any gender differences in expressed feelings of economic insecurity in this current age of austerity, and it will consider whether certain groups of women and men have fared better or worse in the UK context.
Moriarty, J., Hussein, S., Stevens, M., Manthorpe, J., Cornes, M. King's College London
Cutbacks and the Care Sector: Employers' Perspectives on the Impact of the Recession on Employment in the Care Sector
Media coverage of the collapse of Southern Cross and the abusive care practices in Winterbourne View have heightened longstanding concerns among policymakers, campaigners, and the general public about recruitment and retention in the care sector, now a major employer in the UK labour market. This paper uses data from face- to-face interviews with over 70 employers which comprise part of an ongoing multi-method longitudinal study of the Adult Social Care Workforce funded by the Department of Health. Interview participants include employers in the public, private and third sector and range from large multinationals to owners of small 'mom and pop' care homes. Emerging analysis of these interviews reveals how local retail and factory closures may lead to a spike in applications to work in the care sector and the challenges faced by employers in ensuring that applicants have the required personal qualities and levels of training. At one level the care sector can be seen as countercyclical in that the demand for care has been increasing; at another level, cuts in public expenditure have reduced the levels of profit that the sector can expect to receive as local authorities seek to reduce the fees they pay to providers. The data also shows the potential power of the labour force in giving and withholding their labour, not through means of collective bargaining, but through individualist practices such as choosing to work or not work certain shifts or leaving one employer to work for another.
Takeda, H., Ishiguro, K. 'Shining Jobs': Young Japanese Women and Work in an Age of Austerity
How are individuals who possess less economic resources and a lower degree of human capital surviving when the national government implements austerity policies and corporate restructuring is progressing? The paper
317 University of Tokyo ROGER STEVENS 21 Manchester University
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