Thursday 12 April 2012 at 11:30 - 13:00 FAMILIES, RELATIONSHIPS, LIFECOURSE 2
MIGRATIONS, MARKETS, MOTHERHOOD Franklin, A., Tranter, B.
ROGER STEVENS 15 University of Tasmania Loneliness and the Social Bond in Liquid Modernity: Evidence from Two National Surveys in Australia
Empirical evidence from two recent national surveys in Australia will be used to demonstrate how Zygmunt Bauman’s gloomy prognosis about the state of contemporary social bonds
(becoming looser and ‘until further
notice’ at the level of the community, the workplace and into intimate relationships, friendship and kinship) has a bearing on the nature, distribution and experience of contemporary loneliness. It is argued that these data show how vulnerable Australia is to liquid modern life, and this is illustrated by evidence for the very high general levels of loneliness; by its evenly distributed age structure; by gender differences in the experience of loneliness; by its connections to general levels of health and by the structure and organisation of housing. Our study suggests that the experience of contemporary loneliness is not located in the scale and intensity of social networks/interaction but in the (declining) quality of the relationships themselves, a fact that explains why loneliness appears so difficult for individuals to resolve.
Pustulka, P. Bangor University
Bad Transnational Mothers versus Good Migrant Mothers? Discourses of Gender, Care, and Co-residentiality Requirement in the Narratives of Polish Women Raising Children in the West
This paper is dedicated the phenomenon of migrant motherhood embedded in broader discourses of gender, family-life and care provision. Transnationalism (Levitt & Jaworsky 2007) constitutes theoretical framework for deriving questions about Polish experiences of parenting abroad, while data obtained through qualitative narrative interviews with women living in the West provides empirical material.
The main axis of looking at performing motherhood comes from feminist research on conflict between dominant Western model and practices of intensive mothering (Rothman 1989 &2001, Guerrina 2002, Miller 2007), and the requirement for new organization of family life as a consequence of global mobility era (Hochschild & Ehrenrich 2003, Hondagneu-Sotelo & Avila 1997). The former model implies commonality of residence between mothers and children, assuming this relationship of spatial proximity guarantees successful/'good' mothering. On the contrary, lack of physical presence of women who became transnational in their employment strategies is often viewed as 'bad' performance of their motherly roles not only towards their children, but also as it is perceived in mainstream discourses of modern Western societies.
I am illustrating this phenomenon with personal 'stories' of interview-partners, showcasing migrant motherhood as an issue demanding redefinitions of intra-family relations, roles, identities, and reconfigurations of care strategies. It also demonstrates the potential of defying the powerful conception of 'good mothering' today, as static notion of 'being a mother' needs to be replaced by dynamic processes of 'becoming or unbecoming mother' (Urbanska 2009).
Bilecen-Suoglu, B., Amelina, A. Bielefeld University
Inequalities through Transnational Social Support? Research on social policies (Pinker, 1979) and migration (Sørensen & Olwig, 2002) highlight that spatial mobility is often used as a collective strategy among kinship groups for social protection and security. Against this backdrop, it can be argued that international migration serves to family members securing diverse resources ranging from material to social. Social protection is generally understood as formal and informal mechanisms that preserve individuals and households from austerity. This recently started large scale study is particularly interested in the use of informal social protection strategies by migrants in both immigration and emigration countries. Studying relationships reveals not only with whom individuals interact, spend their time and what kind of protection they receive from whom but it also sheds light on the mechanisms of social protection and eventually how they produce inequality, be it in family or in friendship relations. Inequality is constantly generated through patterns of relationships and ties in networks. Networks are the sum of all ties that every individual has and s/he may have different relationships and different types of contacts may supply different kinds of protection leading to inequalities. Through the lens of network analysis method, this project aims to understand the amount, type and source of social protection in migrants’ network. Supplemented with semi-structured in-depth interviews with migrants
in
immigration country (Germany) and with their family, relatives and friends in emigration countries (Kazakhstan and Turkey), it draws on multi-sited ethnography (Amelina 2010; Falzon 2009). After the literature review and explanation of methods and methodology, this article will provide some preliminary findings from migrants in Germany coming from Turkey and Kazakhstan.
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