08 SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATIONSSUPPLEMENT CR, as already mentioned, is not directly
involved in the described workflow, so no special requirements are needed for it. However, it is strongly recommended that the use of MORANE-EIRENE compliant CR with the capability of sending ‘REC sent’ signal to TR: such kind of CR is widely available and used in the railway industry. For the transmission of signals between CR
and TR, two main solutions are possible: a dedicated cable (i.e. a cable that physically connects CR and TR and that is used only by CR for transmitting event-related signals to TR, as for the ‘REC sent’ signal); a MVB (Multifunction Vehicle Bus), a well-known bus in the railway world, used for interconnecting all the elements of the modern Onboard Technological Systems, compliant to the IEC 61375 standard. It must be noted, however, that the use of MVB should lead to additional requirements as requested, for example, in the Italian scenario before November 20105,6
. TR, from a high-level point-of-view and only
for the purposes of the present proposal, should be able to receive signals by CR to manage the internal GNSS Receiver module and the GSM-R Modem module. The first two functionalities are already available in modern microprocessor- based TR, and tailor-made TR applications would be easily capable also to manage GSM-R Modem module. This module should be kept as simple as possible, implementing only LDA funct - ionality (as discussed before) and a reliable method for transmitting towards TM only two pieces of information: the ID of the REC- producing train and its position acquired via GNSS. The GSM-R Short Message Service (SMS) or, better, dedicated data transmission channel could be used for implementing this kind of Point-to-Point communication between train and the proper TM controller identified by the GSM-R Modem via its LDA capabilities. The employment of a dedicated data transmission channel could also lead to a richer set of sent information between the train and the TM controller. The GNSS Receiver can be made within a
wide range of different configurations. Actually, GPS Receivers can be easily implemented and successfully managed by TRs: a lot of Specific Applications are at present running in Italy.
Prototypes, testing and perspectives It would be easily possible both preliminary
European Railway Review Volume 18, Issue 1, 2012
GNSS will surely play an
important role in future railway applications
BIOGRAPHY
these reasons Galileo will be particularly suited for applications like the one described in this paper. The proper types of service implemented in TRs have to be determined after accurate test activities: a first candidate is obviously the Commercial Service, but also various necessities for the Safety of Life (SoL) level could arise. Finally it is possible to imagine an amelio -
rated management of the ‘improved’ REC described in the previous paragraphs also by the Trackside Manager point-of-view: the development of software capable of ‘smart’ management of the information produced both by CR and TR GSM-R modem module is surely feasible.
Summary GNSS will surely play an important role in future railway applications. This is especially true for the Galileo system which, in the short term future, will greatly improve the accuracy of the localisation of any object, including trains, in particular trains involved in the production of RECs. The high-level architecture described in this paper is able, combining services provided by GNSS and GSM-R technologies, to improve
Mauro Giaconi is Professor of Fundamentals of Signals and Telecommunication Networks in the Department of Electronic Engineering at the University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’. He has 35 years experience in Microwave, Radio Systems, Optical
Telecommunications and Electronic Measurements. He has built up and managed the Transmission Department of Scuola Superiore Guglielmo Reiss Romoli for over 20 years and has also built up and managed the microwave laboratory of that school for over 25 years.
BIOGRAPHY
Davide Quatrini helps Italcertifer s.c.p.a., Italian Notified Body and National Body, in the assessment processes of On-Board Technological Systems (OBTS) for rolling stock, including ETCS and Cab-Radio appli - cations. He is also a Ph.D. Student at the
University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, and his research field is related to Space Systems and Technologies.
BIOGRAPHY
Giuseppe Fazio is Associate Professor of Electrical Measurements in the Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at the University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’. He has a 30 years experience in the railway field, and he is member of the Technical Advisory Board
of the INESS (INtegrated European Signalling System) Project (EU 7th Framework Program).
testing steps for the system proposed here, using a GPS Receiver integrated in a TR, as well as applications in real world (after successful testing campaigns, obviously). But the problems we highlighted in our previous work1
the ‘poor’2 cell depending routing Location
Dependent Addressing location, supplying TM with accurate information for locating trains ‘in trouble’.
, connected
with the use of GPS in railway assessment contexts, are still present when using GPS for improving positioning of trains in trouble. Galileo GNSS will be a valid alternative very soon, providing a quality-assured service specifically developed for civilian applications, capable of producing three-dimensional location information with an accuracy of about 1m. It is not a coincidence if Galileo-based Automatic Train Protection signalling systems have been proposed during the last years7
: the
location capabilities of the European GNSS will be very useful for safety relevant applications in terms of performances, availability and cost. For
References
1. Davide Quatrini, Giuseppe Fazio, Claudio Evangelisti, Dario Murgia, “Satellite positioning systems: assessing state-of-the-art technology for railways”, European Railway Review, Volume 17, Issue 3, 2011
2. J. Swann, E. Chatre, D. Ludwig, “Galileo: Benefits for Location Based Services”, Journal of Global Positioning Systems (2003), Vol. 1, No. 2: 57-66
3. UIC, GSM-R Industry Group, “Functional Requirements Specification for enhanced Location Dependent Addressing”, version 4.0, 11 December 2002
4. RFI Technical Department, RFI DTC CSI SR OR 10 003, “Sistema Tecnologico di Bordo – Apparato “Cab-Radio”: requisiti nazionali ad integrazione dei requisiti europei”, revision A, 16.10.2007
5. RFI Technical Department, RFI DTC CSI SR OR 10 004, “Sistema Tecnologico di Bordo – Apparato “Cab-Radio”: requisiti di interfaccia per “Bus MVB””, revision A, 16.10.2007
6. ANSF, 06665/10, “Apparecchiatura radio di bordo GSM-R – Impiego sull’infrastruttura ferroviaria nazionale”, 21.10.2010
7. Xiaogang Gu, “Feasibility of GNSS/Galileo-based train location for safety relevant applications”, SIGNAL + DRAHT (97) 1+2/2005, Eurailpress, Hamb.
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