CrysTallograPhy in soUTh-easTern eUroPe


laboratory and the staff expanded to include S. Popović (full pro- fessor) I. Đerđ, Ž. Skoko, and I. Lončarek. Anđelka Tonejc focused on high-resolution electron microscopy


investigations and, with I. Đerđ, was one of the first researchers to use the Rietveld method for electron diffraction analysis. Antun Tonejc initiated structural examination of mechanically alloyed materials using high-energy ball milling and received the Science Award of Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SACASA) in 2008 for inves- tigations on phase transitions in nanostructural materials. S. Popović concentrated on X-ray diffraction line profile anal-


Slo-Cro Cryst Meeting 2010: on the left Antun and Anđelka Tonejc, on the right Stanko Popović.


ysis, microstructural investigations of Al-Zn and Al-Ag-Zn alloys, and mixed metal oxides in collaboration with the Dept. of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Inst. Popović received the CNSAP in 2001 and became Fellow of CASA in 2004. Department courses are taught in solid state physics and crystallography.


Institute of Mineralogy and Petrology, Faculty of Science, Zagreb U.


By


vLadiMir BerManec (vberman@public.carnet.hr) Te early days of crystallography in Croatia were linked to


minerology. Te Chair of Mineralogy and Geology (CMG) was established in 1874, by decree of the Emperor of the Austro-Hun- garian Empire. Dj. Pilar started teaching there in the spring of 1875 and crystallography has remained one of its primary activities. After Dj. Pilar, the CMG was headed by eminent professors,


52Al-48Zn alloy: difference in microstructure between the quenched (WQ) and slowly cooled (SC) alloys from the solid-solution temperature to RT (Croat. Chem. Acta 82 (2009) 405-420).


62Al-38Zn alloy: a gradual transition of the quenched alloy, during ageing at RT, from a metastable system, a+Guinier-Preston zones, into a more stable system, a+b (Croat. Chem. Acta 82 (2009) 405–420).


14


scattering in the Guinier lab. In 1966 he became the head of the research group in physics of metals, and in 1971 received the Croa- tian National Science Award for Physics (CNSAP) for his scientific research on crystallographic properties of metastable alloys. In 1967 Bonefačić and his colleagues (D. Kunstelj, M. Stubičar and Anđelka and Antun Tonejc) initi- ated structural studies of metastable metallic alloys obtained by rapid quench- ing from the melt using a Siemens diffractometer and Philips 120 kV trans- mission electron micro- scope EM300. Anđelka Tonejc was a Postdoctoral student in the Guinier Lab in Orsay, from 1974 to 1976, where she worked on rapidly quenched alloys using powder diffraction and TEM. In 1991 Antun Tonejc established the Laboratory for Micro- structural Investigation of Materials with a new Philips powder diffrac- tometer and JEOL 200 kV high-resolution trans- mission electron micro- scope. In 1995, Antun Tonejc became head of the


and members of the Academy of Sciences and Arts. Te first min- eralogists from Bulgaria, G. Bončev and L. Vankov obtained their doctors degrees under the supervision of Dj. Pilar. Early research activities involved morphological studies of


crystals and symmetry determinations by microscopic methods which are often neglected now. Optical crystallographic methods were developed and applied to minerals and other crystalline sub- stances. Lj. Barić contributed to the development and teaching of these methods. Equipment for X-ray analysis consisted of reflexion goniometers, polarizing microscopes, X-ray diffraction cameras, modern diffractometers and electron microscopes. From 1955 S. Šćavničar headed crystallographic research at


the Inst. determining the structures of natural and synthetic com- pounds. In the 1950s he achieved the first successful hydrothermal synthesis of beryl. He taught generations of masters and doctoral students how to use powder and single-crystal diffractometry, elec- tron microscopy, methods of thermal analysis, Raman and IR spec- trometry and microanalysis to determine new mineral structures and improve characterisation of known ones. More than 10 new minerals were identified in the Inst. of Mineralogy and Petrology. Te research involves complex investigative methods and precise


Weissenberg pattern of a biotite polytype with 17 single mica layers. IUCr Newsletter ♦ Volume 19, Number 2 ♦ 2011


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