Glass half full?
However, the sceptics have reason to be pessimistic. Industry research in 2005 and 2006 predicted a rapid adoption of 10GBASE-T Ethernet over CAT6, CAT6A, and CAT7/Class F cables. The real adoption rate has been significantly slower than predicted. The latest data suggests that the penetration of 10GBASE-T as a percentage of total copper Ethernet is still a single-digit number. One reason for this could be the economic situation over the past few years. Another reason is more technical, and relates to physical layer (PHY) semiconductor devices. The power dissipation from PHY devices has been a major issue, because they require
sophisticated thermal management that was not needed in 1Gbps and earlier generations of Ethernet technologies. Ethernet receivers dissipate
considerable amounts of heat. This is primarily due to sophisticated signal processing techniques that predict and dynamically cancel out RF impairments. Effects of internal cable parameters like NEXT, Return Loss, and attenuation can be dynamically cancelled using DSP techniques. On the other hand, external interferences like alien cross-talk and noise from sources like mobile devices or electrical switching transients are not predictable. There have been ideas on how to
overcome the issues related to signal processing complexity in the Ethernet
receiver. One possibility is to use the superior RF performance of Class FA cables. As these cables introduce less impairment, the signal quality arriving at the receiver is expected to be better, and hence call for less signal processing to recover the signal. The second possibility is to use a wider frequency band. 10GBASE-T systems defined by IEEE802.3an use 400MHz bandwidth and employ 16-PAM encoding. At 40G, the encoding scheme might become far denser if a similar bandwidth is used. Dense encoding essentially means that the receiver has to distinguish between signals separated by smaller voltage and phase. This task becomes increasingly difficult as RF impairments
M200 OTDR with DFS1 Digital Fiber Scope
“ Since 2007, the M200 has played a key role in our many and diverse installations. So after seeing the next generation software features and inspection capability, the decision to upgrade our equipment was straightforward.”
Tom Cunningham, Fujitsu Telecommunications Europe
Testing is a snap! using the NOYES® Schedule a demo:
www.AFLglobal.com/go/M200
M200 OTDR with new Touch and Test™
capability. AFL connects you with increased functionality and time saving features from testing through analysis and acceptance reporting using the included Test Results Manager (TRM™
Available in English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. ) PC software. The M200 now includes
Pass/Fail event analysis and fibre end-face inspection capability with the DFS1 Digital FiberScope. Improve field testing accuracy and reduce down time.
www.netcommseurope.com
NETCOMMS europe Volume II, Issue 1 2011 19
NOW WITH TOUCH AND
STEST OFTWARE
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