099
THE RESULTS What we came up with...
GE INFUSION LUMINOUS FLUX: 1196 EFFICACY: 67.36 LM/W CONSUMPTION: 17W RA: 81.1 R9: 14.3 CCT: 3076 COST: N/S LM PER $: N/S
The Infusion module is small and with a simple twist and lock, the light engine can be easily removed and replaced and no additional hardware is necessary. The module shows the potential that the Zharga consortium may be able to achieve with replaceable modules and enables luminaires to be designed that can be upgraded to use future generations of LEDs as the technology improves, enabling users to always have the optimum energy efficient solution in their installation. The GE module also appears to utilise the Cree XPG LEDs. However, unlike the Cree LED module it does not implement the TrueWhite LEDs as can be seen from the 7 white LEDs.
CREE LMR4 LUMINOUS FLUX: 1107 EFFICACY: 86 LM/W CONSUMPTION: 13W RA: 92.3 R9: 91.8 CCT: 3137 COST: $54 (power supply integrated) LM PER $: 20
The Cree LMR4 module utilises the proprietary TrueWhite technology that provides high colour consistency around the specified colour temperature. An active feedback system will vary the proportion of intensity from the three red and seven white LEDs incorporated into the light engine. The power spectral density of the LMR4 shown is drastically different from the other LED module PSD’s due to the inclusion of the red LEDs. The white LEDs used within this module appear to be the popular larger die XPG emitters that provide much higher efficacies than standard 1mm die equivalents. The Cree LMR4 is the only LED module which has an integrated LED ballast.
It is clear that at the 1000 lumen warm white (3000K) lighting criteria, all of the LED modules exceed 65 lm/W which is highly impressive and demonstrates the rate of progress made in just a couple of years. The modules were tested without second- ary optics which would of course reduce the luminaire efficacy. However, this enables a truer comparison of the modules. Interestingly, the LED modules achieve the efficacy performance in a variety of differ- ent methods, whether it is using integrated or external ballasts, standard or remote phosphor LEDs and even combinations of different coloured LEDs. This variety of module demonstrates that the module market is still embryonic and companies are still investigating what methods and technologies will provide the best overall performance, production yield and costs. It is difficult to draw any firm conclusions from such a small sample test of each mod- ule especially as it is not possible to deter- mine if the modules supported are standard production modules or near production high specification versions. However, it is clear that the Cree LMR4 module offers leading efficacy performance with a high CRI value due to the TrueWhite technology (it is important to note the efficacy test performance is substantially higher than the products’ datasheet which is unusual). The technique of using two or more LED colours is well known in the entertainment lighting industry. However, it seems that the Cree TrueWhite system is a good approach for high CRI modules.
THE LIGHTING ASSOCIATION LAB
Special thanks go to Steve Poole and Paul Gilmartin of The Lighting Association Labora- ties who carried out the tests. The bench tests were carried out at The Lighting Asso- ciation Lab using LM-79 test protocol. A UKAS accredited laboratory located within the UK, LA Lab is also able to provide international CB test and certification in association with their certification body TUV Rhienland. It is a UK Government appointed Notified Body under the Low Voltage Directive.
www.lightingassociation.com/lighting-association-laboratories
One area of disadvantage for type 1 LED modules is that electronic ballasts or driv- ers are the most unreliable part of an LED system and therefore lifetime aspects may be an issue for the Cree LMR4 products. The external electronic ballasts/drivers for type 2 modules can be replaced easily without the need to recycle the product. At a recent US Department of Environment industry event looking at LED fixture reli- ability, interesting data from Appalachian Lighting Systems (Ellwood City, PA) was presented on the cause of 29 field failures from 5400 outdoor luminaires where the driver (power supply) caused 52% of the failures; the luminaire housing caused 31%; LED packaging caused 10% and the driver controls caused 7%. Therefore, over 59% of failures seen were to do with the LED driver and controls used within the SSL system! The big challenge for the LED fixture manu- facturers are which modules should they
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144 |
Page 145 |
Page 146 |
Page 147 |
Page 148