Facilitated by the more efficient use
of computer hardware and the reduced requirements of air conditioning and electrical power, cloud computing also plays a very important role in reducing an organisation’s carbon footprint. Cloud computing has great potential
for healthcare operators as it enables better mobility as well as provides a solution to ensure business continuity in case of major disasters, such as floods, fire or earthquakes. However, it also introduces a number of new issues, particularly related to the sensitiveness of clinical records and their protection, which should be properly considered and addressed.
Cloud and security Most large enterprises have their own private cloud infrastructure, but small and medium businesses looking to embrace cloud computing will have to rely on public or community clouds. These type of cloud models operate in multi-tenancy mode, meaning that a single physical server or a storage device is partitioned among various customers. In a multi-tenant environment each
customer may have different security requirements. For example, a tenant
may be running a test environment that requires minimal protection while another tenant may be running a critical application handling sensitive data. There may be consequences impacting on all other tenants if the first system misbehaves or is taken over by malicious intruders. While providers should account
for such issues to provide a secure multi-tenant environment, in reality, due to the complexity of the cloud environment these events are not always easy to detect or prevent. Often, cloud providers may be able
to offer very sophisticated approaches to security beyond the capability of many businesses. However, a customer should not take this for granted. Typically, customers and cloud providers share the responsibility of security and privacy and each cloud model implies different responsibilities for each party. SaaS providers should be responsible
for securing customers’ data and applications, while customers will have to be careful to protect their access credentials. Under SaaS, password based authentication may not be a suitable option to protect the data. Individual users may select weak passwords or may
not protect their passwords adequately. Two-factor-authentication (e.g. user name and password, plus a one-time password or digital certificate) will provide greater protection in a SaaS scenario. PaaS providers should be responsible
for isolating customers’ computing environments, while customers are responsible for securing the applications that they develop. IaaS customers are responsible for
protecting operating systems and data, while providers should ensure adequate network segmentation and proper data partitioning between customers’ systems. IaaS customers are still responsible for backing up data, implementing access control mechanisms, establishing services that should be available over the Internet, installing and maintaining software and so on.
In circumstances where the provider is
responsible for backing up customers’ data (mostly SaaS or managed PaaS and IaaS) it is important to check with the vendor how long it would take to recover data in the case of a problem. This should be clearly stated in the Service Level Agreement (SLA). A series of technical and non-technical
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