Timeline of British gardens 1930
Hidcote Manor gardens created by Major Lawrence Johnston
1930s 1741-80
Stourhead in Wiltshire landscape garden created by Henry Hoare
Rococo garden created at Painshill Park, Surrey
1738-1773
‘Capability’ Brown designs Chatsworth,
Petworth, Bowood, Blenheim
features, such as temples and Gothic ruins, to provide contrast and interest in this artists’ landscape. The more bizarre side of Georgian gardening arrived
with rococo fashion, at its peak between 1730 and 1770. This was an architectural style that spilled over into gardens in the form of over-decorated, shell-studded grottoes and artifi cial caves twinkling with imported ores and stalactites. Painshill Park in Surrey is one of the best surviving examples of a rococo garden. When you add to this the Anglo-Chinese fashion, as
can be seen in the unusual pagoda at Kew, it amounts to a rather strange hotchpotch of inspiration. Most of it can be put down to the grandiose whims of the aristocracy, at a time when wealthy young men were sent on a Grand Tour to see the great buildings and landscapes of the world before they settled down and procreated. The Georgian indulgence could not continue forever.
The Victorian era heralded a new way of thinking. The Industrial Revolution was underway, the empire was fl ourishing, and Queen Victoria was a very moral woman. While the preceding landscape gardens had glorifi ed but tactfully rearranged nature, the early Victorian gardens put it fi rmly in its place. This took the form of geometric carpet bedding and
impressively built rockeries. Tender plants from South America, Mexico and South Africa were planted out in the summer months to fl ower densely for a brief period, then discarded. New scientifi c achievements and the
www.britain-magazine.com 1660-1730
Sir John Vanbrugh and Nicholas Hawksmoor design Castle Howard, Stowe,Claremont
William Kent introduces classical Palladian style at Rousham and Stowe
1685-1738
Robert Dudley recreates Kenilworth to impress Queen Elizabeth I
1690-1738
Charles Bridgeman, Royal Gardener, works on St James’s and Hyde Park
Salomon de Caux works on the garden at Hatfield House
1611-12
Westbury Court garden laid out in Dutch style
1575
Roman garden created at Fishbourne, Sussex
75-80 410 1696-1705 1529
Henry VIII starts work on Hampton Court Palace
1460 14oo
The Romans leave Britain
Carthusian priory with garden founded at Grace Mount Priory, Yorkshire
BRITAIN 53
Sir Robert Vaughan rebuilds the medieval
garden at Tretower Court
Sissinghurst garden recreated by Vita Sackville-West
Gertrude Jekyll designs naturalistic gardens with Sir Edwin Lutyens
1843-1932 1741-1818
Sir Humphry Repton designs landscape gardens including Tatton Park and Longleat
1716-1783 1838-1935
William Robinson designs naturalistic gardens, such as at Gravetye Manor, Sussex
2001 The Eden Project opens
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