number of cooperating farmers in 2011, said Trenton Roberts, assistant professor of crop, soil and envi- ronmental sciences, who helped develop the break- through technology. Roberts told visitors to the annual Rice Field Day at
the Rice Research and Extension Center near Stuttgart that Arkansas Rice Research and Promo- tion Board funding made it possible to develop the new test and protocols for its use by producers. The test is good for farmers and good for the envi-
New Nitrogen Soil Test Good For Farmers And Environment T
STUTTGART, ARK.
he first site-specific nitrogen soil test for rice, de- veloped by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, will be used in the fields of a limited
ronment, Roberts said. It will help producers apply the correct amount of nitrogen fertilizer needed for maximum rice yields in a field with no excess to run
off in surface water. Excess nitrogen also feeds fungi that cause some
plant diseases in rice. Field tests have shown that lower nitrogen rates have reduced the need for fungi- cide applications to man- age plant disease, Roberts said. Research is continuing to
calibrate the test for rice on clay soils and for wheat, Roberts said. Silt loam and clay are broad soil texture classifications that ac- count for most of the crop- land in Arkansas. Nitrogen fertilizer is one
of the greatest expenses in rice and wheat production,
Trent Roberts demonstrates a kit designed to collect soil samples at a depth of 18 inches for the new site-specific nitrogen soil test for rice. The test will be used on a limited number of farms in 2011.
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mate nitrogen needs based on a blanket recom- mendation for each soil type and previous crops in a field. Research has shown that the standard recommendation is usu- ally either too little or too much, according to Pro- fessor Richard Norman, leader of the project to de- velop the test. Norman said the test
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predicts the amount of “mineralizable soil nitro- gen,” which is the form that feeds plants. Until now, there was no such test because nitrogen ex- ists in many organic forms in a constant state of change in the soil, he said. The amount actually available to plants has been hard to pin down. As Norman’s graduate
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student, Roberts was in- strumental in developing the test and protocols for implementation, Norman said. Other details about im-
plementing the test, as discussed by Roberts with Rice Field Day visitors, in- cluded the following. • The research team de-
signed an easy method to obtain soil samples at a depth of 18 inches, as re- quired for rice in silt loam soils. An auger attached to a power drill is drilled into the soil and back up through a hole in a bucket. It deposits in the bucket the exact amount of soil needed for a stan- dard
Division of CONTINUED ON PAGE 16 November 5, 2010 / MidAmerica Farmer Grower • 5
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