really good performer for us. We ap- plied it Feb. 1, but with the colder than normal temperatures the release as slow,” he said. “In order to cover all bases with ESN you need about a third of it as straight urea, two-thirds as ESN, and then you cover all your bases because the ESN release is going to de- pend on temperature as well as mois- ture. We’ve had plenty of moisture but the temperatures have been cool this spring so there has been a slow release. If you put a third of the urea down with the ESN you get immediate available nitrogen and the slow release rate is not a problem. That practice is proven here today in this demonstration.” The demonstration also included
chicken litter that had been placed on the soil, and many in attendance asked questions about that. “It’s the same thing as with ESN, you
have to have good temperatures on lit- ter for it to be broken down and be available to the plant,” he explained. “It has to break down to the ammonium and then to the nitrate form of nitro- gen. You can see that with the cool spring that we had that we didn’t get a rapid breakdown that you would some- times get. So if you’re going to use chicken litter you have to supplement it with a significant amount of nitrogen so that you know you’ve got the nitro- gen out there.” Actually chicken litter works best with the summer crops when it’s warm
and the nitrogen breaks down in a more predictable manner. “We have some humic acid materials
here, that are being sold. They are bio- logical natural extractants, humic acid, and humic acid derivatives,” Murdock added. “Humic acid is naturally pres- ent in the soil, as organic matter breaks down. These people have taken these different compounds, extracted them and sprayed them on the plant or on the soil. They’ve been around for awhile, there’s been quite a bit of re- search done by universities on these compounds and, as far as I know at this particular time, no university rec- ommends these derivatives as an ap- proved practice. They’re purported to increase yields by increasing plant health, nutrient uptake and things like this. They are suggested to encourage more rapid breakdown of the organic matter. “We have three different sources out
here in the demonstration today and it’s difficult to see any effect on the wheat that is different than when only early nitrogen was used,” Murdock ex- plained. “We do have one in a trial here that we are testing more extensively, we put it on in the fall, again in early spring and then a third application in late spring. There’s a small difference in vegetative growth between the humic acid with nitrogen and the one that has nitrogen only on it. At harvest there was little or no difference in yield.
“Now when you start putting on the
humic acid treatments with three dif- ferent trips you’re adding up some costs; so the yields are going to have to be quite a bit more,” he said. “At this particular point, many researchers have questions about these derivatives having a consistently positive effect on
the plant. The different additives may help stimulate the plant from time to time, but it’s unpredictable and most of the time it does not result in a yield increase.” Murdock’s take-home message is to follow the recommendations,
the CONTINUED ON PAGE 18
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November 5, 2010 / MidAmerica Farmer Grower • 15
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