42 CHAPTER 3
Table 3.7 Effect of cooperatives on members’ cereals commercialization
Kernel-based matching
Standard ATT Measure
A. Two-step matching, final sample Price difference (%)
Production sold (%) B. Checks of robustness
B-1. Two-step matching, final sample limited to Oromia region only Price difference (%)
8.545 Production sold (%) Production sold (%) Production sold (%)
5.567 0.761
7.206 3.952** 7.141
3.674 1.876
6.196 6.373 –2.881 3.671 –2.914 3.141 4.366 –1.402 2.442 3.229** 7.562 3.771** –1.180 1.964 –3.224 2.550 C. Checks of representativeness
C-1. Two-step matching, sample with all regions Price difference (%)
11.451 Production sold (%) Production sold (%) Production sold (%) Production sold (%)
9.294 0.005
2.060*** 10.607
1.831*** 8.626 1.07
1.923*** 12.118 2.765*** –1.174 1.147 –0.944 1.340
C-2. Two-step matching, sample with member-created cooperatives Price difference (%)
13.120 7.606 2.327*** –0.084 1.325
C-3. Two-step matching, sample with all regions and member-created cooperatives Price difference (%)
2.206*** –1.380 0.923 –1.295 1.093
C-4. One-step matching, final sample within treatment kebeles only Price difference (%)
3.980* 7.259 3.571** –1.083 1.811 –1.410 2.135
1,449 2,993
1,471 2,972
1,504 3,105
368 822
Source: Authors’ calculations based on data from ESCS (2005). Notes: Stratified bootstrap with 100 replications is used to estimate the standard errors. Numbers are significant at the * 10 percent, ** 5 percent, and *** 1 percent levels, respectively. ATT means average treatment effect on the treated; NGO means non- governmental organization. A kebele is a peasant association, the smallest admini- strative unit in Ethiopia.
454 787
B-2. Two-step matching, final sample excluding kebeles with NGO-created cooperatives Price difference (%)
861 1,805
B-3. Two-step matching, final sample, with propensity scores estimated on whole sample Price difference (%)
862 1,817 7.249 3.229** 8.901 4.361** –0.122 1.862 –1.116 2.202 862 1,817 Five-nearest-
neighbors matching Standard
error ATT error Number of observations
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