84 INDEX
Ethiopian cooperatives: administrative structures for promotion of, 17–19, 18f; characteristics of, 21, 26, 26t; coffee, 6; constraints of, 23b, 24b; coordination costs of, 51, 60–62; under Derg regime, 15–16, 16t, 22b, 48; examples of, 22–24b; external supporters of, 16–17, 24b, 26, 28–29, 65; fees and share prices of, 22b, 23–24b, 51–53, 52t; governance of, 16, 66–68; history of, 14–16; household participation in, 20t, 21, 35, 36t, 48–53, 50t; lessons learned from, 72–73; marketing performance of, 58–60, 59t, 61t, 63–66, 64t, 68–69, 69t; member satisfaction with, 59–60; membership criteria of, 51–53, 52t, 66, 71; membership policies of, 22b, 23–24b; membership rates of, 20t, 21; membership sizes of, 21, 26t, 60, 62–64; as model, 72; number of, 19–21, 19f, 20t; promotion of, 14; research data and methods, 11–12; self-exclusion of households from, 24b, 48–51, 49t; smallholder participation in, 20t, 21; social acceptance motives of, 53; specialization by, 58–59; spillover effects of, 53–57; types of, 21, 25t; unions of, 19, 24b. See also Activities; Smallholder commercialization, effects of cooperatives
Ethiopian Cooperatives Survey (ECS), 12 Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI), 12
Ethiopian Smallholders Commercialization Survey (ESCS), 11–12
European Union, agricultural cooperatives in, 3
Externalities. See Spillover effects
Farmers’ organizations. See Rural producer organizations
Federal Cooperatives Agency (FCA), 17, 29, 65, 66
Foodgrains: Ethiopian cultivation of, 13; income elasticity of consumption of, 47; markets for, 29; prices of, 14, 39; production locations of, 35; smallholder commercialization of, 2, 3t; subsistence production of, 13. See also Grain-marketing cooperatives
Food staples: rural producer organizations involved in, 6; smallholder commercialization of, 2, 3t
GoE. See Government of Ethiopia Governance: decisionmaking, 66–67, 68f, 71–72; of Ethiopian cooperatives, 16, 66–68;
membership, marketing performance, and, 68, 69t; quality of, 68; of rural producer organizations, 11, 71–72
Government of Ethiopia (GoE): administrative decentralization by, 17n; economic growth strategy of, 12–13; poverty-reduction strategy of, 16–17; support of cooperatives, 14, 16–17, 26, 28–29. See also Federal Cooperatives Agency
Grain-marketing cooperatives: in Ethiopia, 21, 26, 26t, 58–59; marketing performance of, 58, 59t; research on, 6–7; specialization by, 58–59. See also Ethiopian cooperatives
Grains. See Foodgrains Heyer, A., 9
Households: assets of, 49, 51; benefits of RPOs for, 9; cooperative participation rates of, 20t, 21; determinants of cooperative participation by, 35, 36t, 48–53, 50t; education levels of heads of, 44, 49; landholdings of, 44, 47, 49–51; matching techniques for, 28, 34–39, 35t, 38t; nonobservable characteristics of, 27, 28; observable characteristics of, 27, 28, 35, 43–44, 45t; production levels of, 48–51; propensity scores of, 28, 34–35, 36, 37f; selection bias and, 27; self-exclusion from cooperative membership by, 24b, 48–51, 49t. See also Poor households
IFPRI. See International Food Policy Research Institute
India, rural producer organizations in, 4 International Cooperative Alliance, 66 International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 11–12
Kebeles (peasant associations), Ethiopia: cooperative promotion efforts of, 18–19; cooperatives in, 19–21, 19f; definition, 12n; geographic locations of sample, 34, 34f; matching techniques for, 28, 30–34, 31t; treatment and comparison, 30–34, 31t, 32t, 33t, 34f
Kenya, rural producer organizations in, 4, 6, 6t, 7t
Landholdings: average in Ethiopia, 21, 26; of cooperative members, 53; Ethiopian system of, 44n; of households, 44, 47, 49–51
Latin America, rural producer organizations in, 4
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