Giant Ragweed Is Latest Concern For Crop Farmers; Herbicide Resistance Found By MU Weed Specialist farmers grow much less sorghum than
W COLUMBIA, MO.
hen it comes to weed pests, glyphosate-resistant waterhemp tops the list, but resistant giant
ragweed may be the challenger. “Giant ragweed certainly has my atten-
tion,” Kevin Bradley, University of Mis- souri Extension weed scientist, told pest management field day visitors at MU Bradford Farm. “We’ll focus our research on giant ragweed, both resistant and not.” Bradley considers the resistant water-
hemp a statewide problem. “We’re not fo- cusing on anymore surveys of waterhemp,” Bradley said. “I’m confident it is just about everywhere corn and soy- beans are grown.” On the most recent survey, when wa-
terhemp was tested from 144 locations across the state, 58 percent of the popu- lations were resistant to glyphosate. A new survey tested giant ragweed from 27 farms, with 12 found glyphosate-resis- tant. Bradley collects weed seeds in the fall
from random fields, not just those sus- pected of having resistance. The seeds are grown in an MU greenhouse. At various stages weeds are sprayed with different concentrations of glyphosate or ALS her- bicides. Those that thrive in spite of her- bicide are labeled resistant. “My concern is not just herbicide resist-
ance, but multiple resistances,” Bradley said. What started as resistance to glyphosate, the most widely used herbi- cide, has become resistance to other her- bicides. The newly resistant giant ragweed has
been found to tolerate high levels of glyphosate and to have at least moderate resistance to ALS herbicides.
“It will take a combination of herbicides
to control the resistant weeds,” he said. At another stop on the MU weed tour,
Bradley said best control of weeds is ob- tained with a two-pass system. Herbicide is sprayed before planting to control over- wintering weeds and emerging seedlings. Then the growing crop is sprayed with a post-planting application to control new weeds. “The majority of the time this two-pass
system works best,” Bradley said. “There is a definite yield advantage.” However, new herbicide combinations
with longer life show promise. “A one-pass system that includes a residual herbicide is becoming more popular with farmers,” Bradley said. At a third stop, Bradley showed off what
he called “research that we can’t say much about.” The soybeans, mostly weed-free, are tolerant to 2,4-D herbicide, an older chemistry that was widely used for years. “You won’t see this available commer-
cially for a few years,” Bradley predicted. “But the 2,4-D-tolerant soybeans are very robust and tolerate 2,4-D very well.” This is another example of university
and industry cooperation, Bradley said. “We test new products for several years before they are released. We grow them under a wide range of conditions.” A similar demonstration is under way,
testing an over-the-top herbicide applica- tion on grain sorghum. That combination of hybrid sorghum and experimental her- bicide that does not kill sorghum will not likely be available for some time. Signs at the plots indicated the test-
ing is underwritten by national grain- sorghum checkoff dollars. Many
visitors on the tour wagons didn’t know there was a checkoff program. Missouri
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