Electrical characterization of photovoltaic materials and solar cells
B+
can be employed
Current Bias (+) Voltmeter Current Bias (–) Voltmeter
to create a Project
SMU1 SMU2 SMU1 SMU2
Next Generation
Prompt that
1 2 1 2
will stop the test
Thin-Film Module
4 3 4 3
sequence in the Laser Processing
SMU4 SMU3 SMU4
V34
SMU3
project tree and
Voltmeter Common Voltmeter Common
instruct the user to
Voltage Measured: V
2–4+
Voltage Measured: V
4–2+
LPKF Allegro
TM
:

change the polarity
B+
Scribing in high volume
of the magnetic
Voltmeter Current Bias (+) Voltmeter Current Bias (–) production
SMU1 SMU2 SMU1 SMU2 field applied to
1 2 1 2 the sample. A
V41 V41
Project Prompt is a
LPKF Presto
TM
:
4 3 4 3
dialog window that
Allegro features in a lab scale
SMU4 SMU3 SMU4 SMU3
machine
Common Voltmeter Common Voltmeter
pauses the project
Voltage Measured: V
1–3+
Voltage Measured: V
3–1+ test sequence
B–
and prompts the
LPKF Magno
TM
:
Current Bias (+) Voltmeter Current Bias (–) Voltmeter user to perform
High throughput edge deletion
SMU1
V12
SMU2 SMU1
V12
SMU2
some action. See
1 2 1 2
Section A of the
4 3 4 3
Model 4200-SCS
SMU4 SMU3 SMU4 SMU3
Reference Manual
Voltmeter Common Voltmeter Common
for a description of
• EU PVSEC 09, Hamburg, Germany, September 21–25
Voltage Measured: V
2–4–
Voltage Measured: V
4–2–
how to use Project
Hall B4 / Ground Floor, Booth 73
B–
Prompts. • Solar Power International 09, Anaheim, California
Voltmeter Current Bias (+) Voltmeter Current Bias (–)
Finally, the October 27–29, Booth 685
SMU1 SMU2 SMU1 SMU2
Hall coefficient
1 2 1 2
and mobility can
4 3 4 3
be derived in the
SMU4 SMU3 SMU4 SMU3
subsite-level Calc
LPKF SolarQuipment GmbH
Common Voltmeter Common Voltmeter Phone +49 (0)3681-8924-0
sheet. These math
Voltage Measured: V
www.lpkf-solarquipment.com SolarQuipment
1–3+
Voltage Measured: V
3–1–
functions can be
added to the other
User Test Modules (UTMs) must be
equations for
added to control the magnet. For a GPIB-
graphics and analysis capability. For
determining resistivity.
controlled electromagnet, users can write
measurements of currents greater than
a program using KULT (the Keithley User
conclusion
1A, Keithley offers Series 2400 and Series
Library Tool) to control the magnitude
Measuring the electrical characteristics
2600 SourceMeter instruments that can
and polarity of the electromagnet. The
of a solar cell is critical for determining
be used for solar cell testing. Information
code can be opened up in a UTM within
the device’s output performance and
on these models and further information
the project. Information on writing code
efficiency. The Model 4200-SCS simplifies
on making solar cell measurements can be
using KULT is provided in Section 8 of the
cell testing by automating the I-V, C-V,
found on Keithley’s website at
Model 4200-SCS Reference Manual.
and resistivity measurements and provides
www.keithley.com.
If a permanent magnet is used, UTMs
Solar simulators—beyond Class A,
continued from page 5
current and future flash simulators that performance requirements”, IEC Metrology Task Accomplishments,”
provide these critical needs through a 60904-9, Edition 2.0, 2007-10, IEC, presented at 2005 DOE Solar Energy
combination of a proven basic design, Geneva, Switzerland. Technologies Program Review Meeting,
added features to enhance spectral accuracy 2. “Standard Specification for Solar Denver, CO (November 2005).
and uniformity, advanced electronic Simulation for Photovoltaic Testing”, 5. Afshin M. Andreas and Daryl
control, and long life components. ASTM Designation E 927-05 (April R. Myers, “Pulse Analysis
Simulators exhibiting spectra within ±10% 1, 2005), ASTM International, West Spectroradiometer System for
of AM1.5G, possessing excellent spectral Conshohocken, PA. Measuring the Spectral Distribution of
uniformity over their entire test plane, and 3. H.B. Serreze and R.G. Little, “Large- Flash Solar Simulators”, presented at
showing very high spectral stability will be area Solar Simulators—Critical the SPIE Optics and Photonics 2008
available in time to meet these needs. Tools for Module Manufacturing”, Conference, San Diego, CA (August
Photovoltaics International, 1, 108-111 10–14, 2008).
references (August 2008).
1. “International Standard—Photovoltaic 4. D. Myers, A. Andreas, et al., “Fiscal
Devices—Part 9. Solar simulator Year 2005 Solar Radiometry and
www.globalsolartechnology.com
Global Solar Technology – October/September 2009 – 41
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