In the 19-minute music video for "Bad"—directed by Martin Scorsese—Jackson began
using sexual imagery and choreography not previously seen in his work. He occasionally
grabbed or touched his chest, torso and crotch. While he has described this as
"choreography," it garnered a mixed reception from both fans and critics; Time magazine
described it as "infamous". The video also featured Wesley Snipes; in the future Jack-
son's videos would often feature famous cameo roles. For "Smooth Criminal", Jackson
experimented with an innovative "anti-gravity lean" in his performances, for which he
was granted U.S. Patent No. 5,255,452. Although the music video for "Leave Me Alone"
was not officially released in the US, in 1989, it was nominated for four Billboard Music
Video Awards, winning three; the same year it won a Golden Lion Award for the quality
of the special effects used in its production. In 1990, "Leave Me Alone" won a Grammy
for Best Music Video, Short Form.
The MTV Video Vanguard Artist of the Decade Award was given to Jackson to celebrate
his accomplishments in the art form in the 1980s; the following year the award was re-
named in his honor. "Black or White" was accompanied by a controversial music video,
which, on November14, 1991, simultaneously premiered in 27 countries with an esti-
mated audience of 500 million people, the largest viewing ever for a music video. It fea-
tured scenes construed as having a sexual nature as well as depictions of violence. he of-
fending scenes in the final half of the 14-minute version were edited out to prevent the
video from being banned, and Jackson apologized. Along with Jackson, it featured
Macaulay Culkin, Peggy Lipton and George Wendt. It helped usher in morphing as an
important technology in music videos.
Jackson and sister Janet angrily retaliate against the
media for misrepresenting them to the public. The
acclaimed video for "Scream" was shot primarily
in black and white, and at a cost of $7 million.
"Remember the Time" was an elaborate production,
and became one of his longest videos at over nine min-
utes.
Set in ancient Egypt, it featured groundbreaking visual
effects and appearances by Eddie Murphy, Iman and
Magic Johnson, along with a distinct complex dance
routine. The video for "In the Closet" was Jackson's
most sexually provocative piece. It featured super-
model Naomi Campbell in a courtship dance with Jack-
son. The video was banned in South Africa because of its imagery. The music video for
"Scream", directed by Mark Romanek and production designer Tom Foden, is one of
Jackson's most critically acclaimed. In 1995, it gained 11 MTV Video Music Award
Nominations—more than any other music video—and won "Best Dance Video", "Best
Choreography", and "Best Art Direction". The song and its accompanying video are a re-
sponse to the backlash Jackson received from the media after being accused of child mo-
lestation in 1993. A year later, it won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form;
shortly afterwards Guinness World Records listed it as the most expensive music video
ever made at a cost of $7 million.
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