Towards a green economy

Russia Japan China

Taiwan USA

Spain

Korea Republic France

New Zealand Italy

Fishing Effort (million kW sea days) 432 398 301 261 225 147 138 116 115 100

Landings (million t)2 3 4

10 1

4.8 0.9 1.6 0.6 0.5 0.3

* Total world landings were 80.2 million tonnes in 2005 with an estimated landed value of US$ 94.8 billion.

Table 1: Top ten marine fishing countries/entities by fleet capacity Source: Based on Sumaila et al. (2007), Watson et al. (2004) and Anticamara et al. (2010)

Since the late 1980s, landed values have declined, falling from around US$ 100 billion to almost US$ 90 billion in 2005 (Figure 1). The decline in the landed value through the early 1990s corresponds to the increase in landings of low-valued Peruvian anchoveta, which accounted for over 10 per cent of the total landings from 1993 to 1996 and reached 15 per cent in 1994 (Sumaila et al. 2007; Watson et al. 2004). The top ten countries/ political entities by fleet capacity are reported in Table 1. The fleet capacity indices in Table 1 are relative to

the estimated capacity for Spain. Hence, Russia, sitting at the top of the table is estimated to have nearly three times the fishing capacity of Spain, while the US has 30 per cent more capacity. The top ten countries/ political entities captured about a third of the global annual catch in 2005, with an estimated landed value of nearly 50 per cent of the global total. This implies that for the world to succeed in greening the fishing sector, the ten countries listed in Table 1 will have to be committed participants.

Landed value (2005 real US$ billion)* 3.2

14.4 15.2 2.7 4.2 1.3 2.5 1

1.1 1

86