| research round-up
average MFWs evaluation between baseline versus end‑of‑treatment visit, baseline versus final visit and end‑of‑treatment visit versus final visit were statistically significant (p < 0.001). the average overall improvement was greater for periorbital than for nasolabial wrinkles (p < 0.001). no side effects were observed during and after treatment. the degree of overall improvement was scored as excellent by 47% of the volunteers. Conclusions: aLa-iPL treatment using 0.5% liposome‑encapsulated 5-aLa spray and ellipse Flex PPt system is effective and safe for the treatment of type 2 photoaging reducing the Pdt‑associated side effects.
DIAGNOSIS AND INITIATION OF TREATMENT IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Lyons KE, Pahwa R. Int J Neurosci 2011; 121(S2): 27–36
P
aRkinson’s disease (Pd) is the Most common cause of parkinsonism, yet the
diagnosis and management can be a challenge. the united kingdom Parkinson’s disease society Brain Bank clinical diagnostic criteria and dopamine transporter/single‑photon emission computed tomography (dat-sPect) are diagnostic aids that can improve diagnostic accuracy. even though Pd is a progressive disease, for years, physicians and patients have delayed treatment until functional disability occurs. however, studies of monoamine oxidase‑type B (Mao-B) inhibitors, dopamine agonists, and levodopa, all of which can be used as initial therapy, have demonstrated that Pd patients receiving treatment do better than those who do not receive treatment, and some studies have shown that those receiving treatment earlier do better long term.
therefore, the management strategy for Pd has moved toward earlier initiation of treatment. although treatment for each patient should be individualized and based on their specific symptoms, severity, and lifestyle, in general Mao-B inhibitors may be used initially to treat mild symptoms, adding a dopamine agonist in younger patients or levodopa in older patients, as symptoms become more severe.
EMERGING THERAPIES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTIONS
McFarland LV. Exp Opin Emerg Drugs 2011; 16(3): 425–39
c
LostRidiuM diFFiciLe inFection (cdi) is the leading identifiable
gastrointestinal disease in healthcare institutions, but the response rates to the two standard therapies for cdi are declining and so innovative therapies are being developed for cdi. the purpose of this paper is to review the
data on the efficacy and safety of emerging therapies for cdi and assess their potential for effectiveness based on the clinical phase of development and marketing challenges. Areas covered: emerging therapies for cdi are reviewed including new antibiotics, peptides, immune regulators, probiotics and toxin binders. PubMed, Medline and Google scholar and online clinical trial registers are searched from 1976 to 2010 for articles unrestricted by language. secondary searches by author, manufacturing companies and Fda websites are also performed. Expert opinion: of the emerging therapies for cdi, several may ultimately reduce the incidence of cdi and the economic burden of this disease on the healthcare system. several emerging treatments (fidaxomicin, rifaximin and mabs) show the most promise, although only one is currently being actively developed. use of other clostridial strains, probiotic strains and immune enhancers have great potential as therapies, but require further development.
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