Feature 1 | CFD AND HYDRODYNAMICS
our operational situation develop if we do not introduce CIM?’ ”
Training requirements Te training requirements (time and direct cost) for the new soſtware system should not be underestimated. During formal training, the costs for each user include: the appropriate fraction of the cost of the trainer; the operating costs of the CAD system used for training; opportunity costs since the trainees cannot work productively during the training period. Where users are self-taught, the costs arise due to low user productivity during the training period. Training time and costs are frequently underestimated. Amounts suggested by vendors and other users are generally too low. In many cases several man-months are needed for staff to become fully productive using the new software. The disparity in the training costs of different systems (due to, often considerable, differences in user-friendliness, technical support and quality of training) may significantly outweigh the differences in the licence fees alone. Cheap software frequently turns out to be expensive if all costs (including training and opportunity costs) are considered. Training requirements can often be
significantly reduced if the soſtware has a good user interface. Effective and well-designed user interfaces generally facilitate acceptance and reduce transition costs in introducing new soſtware. Bruce (2009) aptly describes the problem, albeit for a different application; “A bigger obstacle has been the interface to the user. All too frequently, GUI’s (graphical user interfaces) reflect the needs of the soſtware developer, rather than the needs of the user. Tey cause user confusion and distrust which
hamper adoption. Te art of GUI design is maturing to a point where genuinely friendly interfaces are available.”
Assessment and Decision Once a broad view of the strategic development planned for the company has been realised, the soſtware requirements to achieve these goals have been determined and a broad view of the soſtware market has been established, it is possible to perform a more detailed analysis and assessment of the soſtware systems before making a final investment decision. Finally, it should be remembered that
soſtware investments oſten bind a company to their selected product/vendor for more than one decade! Disregard of strategic aspects is one of the most frequent reasons for fatal IT investment decisions. It is crucial to contemplate the following points:
• Development capacity of CAD vendor
• Economic situation (market position) of CAD vendor
• Number (present and development) of installations
community networks, vendor support, etc. For key soſtware, strategic considerations are important to ensure long-term support by vendors. Te original paper, along with the other
papers presented at this and previous COMPIT conferences, may be downloaded free of charge from
www.compit.info. NA
• Training and aſter-sales service provided by the CAD vendor.
Conclusions A systematic approach to soſtware selection is recommended. Te outlined procedure is intended to prevent important items from being overlooked. Specifically, labour costs associated with training and lack of productivity are frequently underestimated. Companies should select soſtware based on how long training will take and how much man-time will be required for a trained user to complete a typical project. Tis in turn depends on user-friendliness, soſtware user
SIGNIFICANT SHIPS
References BERTRAM, V. (1993), Economical aspects of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), 19th WEGEMT School, Nantes BRUCE, G. (2009), Management information systems in ship repair, 8th Conf. Computer and IT Applications in the Maritime Industries (COMPIT), Budapest, pp.34-44
http://www.ssi.tu-harburg.de/doc/ webseiten_dokumente/compit/dokumente/ compit2009.pdf DIETRICH, L. (1988), CIM Trends for the nineties, CIM-IT/Systems Conference, McKinsey & Co, Berlin JOHNSON, B. (1990), On the integration of CFD and CAD in ship design, Developments in Marine Technology 6, CAD and CFD in Ship Design, Amsterdam SCHMODE, D.; BERTRAM, V. (2009), Wie OpenFOAM die CFD-Landschaſt verändert, Hansa-Journal, June VDI (1990), Computer-aided design: Introducing strategies and economical benefits of CAD systems, VDI Guideline 2216, Verband Deutscher Ingenieure
About the authors: Volker Bertram. Mechanical Engineering Dept., Univ. of Stellenbosch (also FutureShip GmbH, Hamburg) Patrick Couser. Formation Design Systems Pty, Fremantle, Australia.
The Royal Institution of Naval Architects published the 20th edition of its annual Signifi cant Ships series in February 2010. Produced in our usual technically- orientated style, Signifi cant Ships of 2009 presents approximately 50 of the most innovative and important commercial designs delivered during the year by shipyards worldwide. Emphasis is placed on newbuildings over 100m in length, Each ship presentation comprises of a concise technical description, extensive tabular principal particulars including major equipment suppliers, detailed general arrangement plans and a colour ship photograph.
Price: £46 (RINA member £40) including p+p available in printed or cd-rom format
E-mail:
publications@rina.org.uk www.rina.org.uk/sigships.html The Marketing Department, Royal Institution of Naval Architects, 10 Upper Belgrave Street, London, SW1X 8BQ, UK. Tel:+44 (0)20 7235 4622 Fax +44 (0)20 7259 5912
32 SS Advert for
DVV.indd 1 The Naval Architect July/August 2010 11/03/10 11:25:50
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