9
CFC END USES
ODS can escape during use (for example when used in aerosol sprays), or are released at
IN THE US IN 1987
CFC END USES
the end of the lifetime of a equipment if proper care is not taken during its disposal. They IN THE US IN 1987
can be captured, recycled and re-used if proper procedures are followed by servicing
technicians and equipment owners. Disposing of ODS is possible, though it is relatively
In percentage
costly and laborious. These chemicals must be destroyed using one of the destruction
of all CFC uses
processes approved by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. 100%
Aerosols *
3.5%
Medical sterilants
Most commonly used ozone depleting substances and their replacements
6.5%
Use ODS Characteristics Alternatives
Other refrigeration
Refrigeration and air CFC 11, 12, 113, Long‑lived, non‑toxic, non‑cor‑ HFCs, hydrocarbons, ammonia, water
conditioning 114, 115 rosive, and non‑flammable. They Alternative technologies: gas‑fired air
are also versatile. Depending on conditioning, adsorption chillers
17%
the type of CFC, they remain in
the atmosphere from between 50
to 1700 years
HCFC 22, 123, 124 Deplete the ozone layer, but to HFCs, hydrocarbons, ammonia, water Car air conditioning
a much lesser extent. They are Alternative technologies: gas‑fired air
being phased out as well. conditioning, adsorption chillers
Aerosols CFC 11, 12, 114 see above Alternative technologies: gas‑fired air 20%
conditioning, adsorption chillers
Foam blowing/rigid CFC 11, 12, 113 see above Non‑foam insulation, HFCs, hydrocar‑
insulation foams HCFC 22, 141b, 142b bons, CO
2
, 2‑chloropropane
Fire extinction Halons (e.g. halon‑ Atmospheric lifetime of 65 Water, CO
50%
Solvents
2
, inert gases, foam, HFCs,
1301, halon‑1211) years fluorinated ketone
Pest control/soil Methyl bromide Fumigant used to kill soil‑borne No single alternative
21%
fumigation pests and diseases in crops prior Integrated pest management systems
to planting and as disinfectants Artificial substrates
in commodities such as stored Crop rotation
grains or agricultural commodi‑ Phosphine, Chloropicrin, 1,3‑dichloropro‑
ties awaiting export. Takes about pene, Heat, Cold, CO
2
, Steam treatments
0.7 years to break down. and Combined/Controlled atmospheres
Plastic foams
Solvents (used for CFC 113, HCFC 141b, see above for CFC, HCFC Change to maintenance‑free or dry
cleaning precision 225 processes, no‑clean flux, aqueous and
parts) 1,1,1 trichloroethane semi‑aqueous systems
Hydrocarbons
Hydrofluoroethers (HFEs)
Chlorinated solvents (e.g. trichloroeth‑ 32%
ylene)
Volatile flammable solvents (e.g.methyl
alcohol)
Carbontetrachloride Close to zero flammability see above
Toxic
ODP 1.1
Low dissolving power
0%
Forms poisonous phosgene under
high temperatures in air. As its * Note that CFCs in aerosols were
use as a feedstock results in the
banned in the US in 1978.
chemical being destroyed and not
emitted, this use is not controlled Source: US Environmental Protection
by the Montreal Protocol Agency, 1992 (cited by WRI 1996).
Sources:
US EP
A 2006,
DESTR
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( I I H F W L Y H ( T X L Y D O H Q W & K O R U L Q H
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