lion. Similarly, while the proportion of impoverished persons might
have declined in many regions, their absolute number has not fallen
in some regions as populations continue to rise (UNDP, 2008).
There are huge regional differences in the above trends. Globally, pov-
erty rates have fallen from 52% in 1981 to 42% in 1990 and to 26%
in 2005. In Sub-Saharan Africa, however, the poverty rate remained
constant at around 50%. This region also comprises the majority of
countries making the least progress in reducing child malnutrition.
The poverty rate in East Asia fell from nearly 80% in 1980 to under
20% by 2005. East Asia, notably China, was successful in more than
halving the proportion of underweight children between 1990 and
2006. In contrast, and despite improvements since 1990, almost 50%
of the children are underweight in Southern Asia. This region alone
2030
accounts for more than half the world’s malnourished children.
Kilocalories per
capita/day
Other
1997-99
In addition to increasing demand for food by a rising population,
Pulses
observed dietary shifts also have implications for world food pro-
2500
Roots and
duction. Along with rising population are the increasing incomes
tubers
of a large fraction of the world’s population (Figure 5). The result
Meat
is increasing consumption of food per capita, as well as changes in
diets towards a higher proportion of meat. With growing incomes,
1964-66
Sugar
consumption – and quantity of waste or discarded food – increases
2000
substantially (Henningsson, 2004).
Vegetable
oils
THE ROLE OF DIET
1500
Other
CHANGE
cereals
The global production of cereals (including wheat, rice and maize) 1000
plays a crucial role in the world food supply, accounting for about Wheat
50% of the calorie intake of humans (Figure 6) (FAO, 2003). Any
changes in the production of, or in the use of cereals for non-human
consumption will have an immediate effect on the calorie intake of a
large fraction of the world’s population. 500
As nearly half of the world’s cereal production is used to produce
Rice
animal feed, the dietary proportion of meat has a major influence on
global food demand (Keyzer et al., 2005). With meat consumption
projected to increase from 37.4 kg/person/year in 2000 to over 52
0
kg/person/year by 2050 (FAO, 2006), cereal requirements for more
Figure : Changes in historic and projected com-
intensive meat production may increase substantially to more than
position of human diet and the nutritional value.
50% of total cereal production (Keyzer et al., 2005). (Source: FAO, 2008; FAOSTAT, 2009).
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